【摘要】长期以来，家庭承包责任制形成了我国农村小农户小规模经营的格局，在一定程度上造成了农户生产经营分散化和非组织化的问题。在市场经济条件下，分散经营的农户进入市场必然会存在“小农户，大市场”的矛盾，尤其是我国加入世界贸易组织以后，农业发展的市场环境发生了重大变化，我国农业开始面临国际竞争。高度分散、缺乏组织的小农户，与组织化、规模化程度较高的国外大农场、农民合作组织联盟、农业跨国公司竞争，必然处于更为不利的竞争地位。在此背景下，全国各地涌现出多种类型的农民专业合作社，在一定程度上提高了农民进入市场的组织化程度，为推进农村经济发展起到了积极作用。然而我国农民专业合作社的发展尚处于起步阶段，各类农民专业合作社存在组织根基较弱、运作不尽规范、机制不够健全等问题，远未发挥出应有的组织和制度优势。评价现阶段农民专业合作社的绩效，对于揭示其发展现状、特点及存在的差距，探讨在新形势下农民专业合作社发展的目标、方向和对策措施都具有重要意义。

　　农民专业合作社绩效评价是一个较新的理论研究内容，迄今理论界对此尚未做出全面系统的分析评价。本文试图分析农民专业合作社绩效评价的理论基础，对农民专业合作社需求发生→运行机制→功能实现的发展逻辑进行系统的梳理，从中发现农民专业合作社的绩效生成路径，由此得出农民专业合作社的绩效结构及绩效评价维度，并基于以上分析建立了一套农民专业合作社的绩效评价指标体系。该体系主要由行为(过程)绩效和结果绩效两个一级指标，资源配置绩效、组织管理绩效、服务提供绩效、质量控制绩效、经济效益绩效、社会效果绩效、主体效益绩效七个二级指标和一系列三级指标构成。论文基于山东、江苏、湖南、宁夏四省的实地调查数据，对当前我国农民专业合作社的绩效进行描述性统计分析和理论评估，并通过对前文所建指标体系中的指标数据进行因子分析，对指标体系进行验证和指标赋权。论文应用建立的指标体系，对四省28社进行绩效评价，定位各社的绩效水平并分析其存在的问题。最后，论文从政府与组织两方面出发，提出进一步推进我国农民专业合作社绩效提升的对策建议。

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社；绩效评价；指标体系

　　【Abstract】Over the years, a small-scale pattern has been formed in rural areas because of the household contract responsibility system, and this, to a certain extent, has caused decentralization and non-organization problems with regards to the production and management of peasant households. In a market economy, the decentralization management of peasant households will inevitably leads to "small farmers, big market" contradictions, especially after China’s accession to WTO, there are major changes of the market environment of agricultural development, China’s agriculture began to face international competition. It’s certain in a more competitive disadvantage for these highly decentralized and inorganizable farmers to compete with the advanced and large scaled multinational farmer co-organizations and associations. In this context, many types of Farmer specialized cooperatives emerged across the whole country, which to some extent improved the farmers organization level to go to the market, and played a positive role for promoting rural economic development. However, the development of Farmer Specialized Cooperatives in China is still in its infancy, there are problems for all kinds of Farmer Specialized Cooperatives, including weak organization and foundation, irregular operation, unsound mechanisms etc, which are far from producing the advantages of well organization and institution. The evaluation of the performance of current Farmer Specialized Cooperatives is significant for revealing its development status, characteristics and gaps as well as probing the goals, direction and measures of Farmers Specialized Cooperative under the new circumstances.

　　Performance Evaluation of FSC is a relatively new theoretical research contents, and theorists have not as yet to make a comprehensive and systematic analysis and evaluation. In this present study, on the basis of analysis of the theoretical basis of the performance evaluation on FSC, and development logic of demand occurring→mechanism→function realization of FSC, the performance generated path of FSC is found and further performance structure and evaluation dimensions are concluded. Based on the above analysis, the Performance Evaluation System of FSC is established. This PES contains three levels indicators:two first level, the behavior (process) performance and results performance; seven second level indicators the two-level performance indicators, including resource allocation performance, organization and management performance, service delivery performance, quality control performance, economic performance, social effects performance and main body efficiency; a series of third level indicators. Based field survey data in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hunan and Ningxia provinces, this study conducted a descriptive statistical analysis and theoretical evaluation on the performance of current China’s Farmer Specialized Cooperatives, and then through the factor analysis of the indicators and data from the given index system, the index system is validated and indicators are empowered. With the application of the established index system, this study conducted the performance evaluation of 28 cooperatives of four provinces and positioned their performance levels and analyzed the problems. Finally, from the standpoint of both the government and organizations, this paper gives measures and suggestions for promoting the further improvement performance of China’s Farmer Specialized Cooperatives.

　　【Key words】farmer specialized cooperatives；performance evaluation；index system