【摘要】2007年7月1日，《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》开始实施，该法赋予了农民专业合作社以法律地位，这是我国社会主义市场经济体制进一步完善的重要标志，确立了农业和农村领域中又一新型市场主体的法律地位，丰富和创新了农民基本经营制度，标志着我国农民专业合作社依法进入新的阶段。农民专业合作社对于巩固农业基础地位，提高农民的组织化程度，促进农业产业化，增强农产品国际竞争力等方面具有重要意义。因此，了解农民专业合作社的历史、现状和发展趋势，分析现阶段我国农民专业合作社发展的制约因素，对于促进农民专业合作社健康发展具有重要的现实意义。本文从农民专业合作社发展的理论依据和现实意义出发，对农民专业合作社的概况、产生条件与在新农村建设中的作用优势，以及我国《农民专业合作社法》关于农民专业合作社的地位、性质、原则、产权、自治、民主管理和扶持政策等方面进行了论述，并结合我国农民专业合作社的发展现状，找出现阶段我国农民专业合作社发展存在的问题，探索支持农民专业合作社发展的有效途径，提出应加强宣传教育与培训、进一步完善内部运行机制、营造良好外部环境等政策性建议，以期进一步促进我国农民专业合作社更好更快发展。

　　本文主要分为七个部分：第一部分为导言，主要介绍本文的研究意义、主要内容、文章结构等。第二部分介绍分析了合作社的基本概念、概况与国际经验。第三部分是对农民专业合作社的理论分析，从新制度经济学的交易成本理论和农业经营规模与成本的角度分析农民专业合作社存在的必要性以及农民专业合作社的制度变迁机制，并指出发展农民专业合作社的重要意义。第四部分对我国农民专业合作社的发展历程、现状与存在问题进行了综述，指出虽然近年来我国农民专业合作社发展迅速，但仍然存在规模小、欠规范、较松散等问题。第五部分，对我国《农民专业合作社法》关于农民专业合作社的地位、性质、原则、产权、自治、民主管理及扶持政策等方面进行了论述，并指出我国《农民专业合作社法》的进步与不足之处。第六部分对发展农民专业合作经济组织较早、农民专业合作社发展数量居全国首位的山东省的农民专业合作社发展情况进行了分析研究。最后一部分为结论与政策建议，对本文的分析做了简单总结，并提出政策性建议。

　　【关键词】农民；农民专业合作社；合作社法

　　【Abstract】 on July 1,2007, "Law of the People’s Republic of China on Specialized Farmers Cooperatives " starts to implement, this law has entrusted with the farmer the specialized cooperative society by the legal status, this is the important symbol which our country socialist market economy system further consummates, has established in the agriculture and the countryside domain a new market main body legal status, enriched and innovates the farmer to manage the system basically, symbolized Our country agricultural cooperative entered the new stage legally. The f agricultural cooperative regarding the consolidated agricultural foundation status, enhances farmer’s organization degree, the promotion agriculture industrial production, aspects and so on enhancement agricultural product international competitive power has the vital significance. Therefore, understood the agricultural cooperative the history, the present situation and the trend of development, analysis present stage Our country agricultural cooperative develops the restriction factor, regarding promotes the agricultural cooperative healthy development to have the vital practical significance. This article the theory basis and the practical significance which develops from the agricultural cooperative embark, to the farmer specialized cooperative society’s survey, has the condition with in the new rural reconstruction function superiority, as well as Our Agricultural Cooperative Law about the farmer specialized cooperative society’s status, the nature, the principle, the property right, aspects and so on autonomous, democratic management and support policy has carried on the elaboration, and unifies Our Agricultural Cooperative the development present situation, discovers present stage Our Agricultural Cooperative to develop the existence question, the exploration supports the effective way which the Our Agricultural Cooperative develops, proposed should strengthen the propaganda to educate and to train, further consummates internal policy-types and so on operational mechanism, building good external environment suggested, Further promotes Our Agricultural Cooperative by the time to be better a quicker development.

　　This article mainly divides into seven parts: The first part is an introduction, mainly introduces this article the research significance, the primary coverage, the article structure and so on. The second part introduced has analyzed cooperative society’s basic concept, the survey and the international experience. The third part is to the farmer specialized cooperative society’s theoretical analysis, anew the system economic transaction cost theory and the agriculture management scale and the cost angle analyzes necessary as well as the farmer specialized cooperative society’s system vicissitude mechanism which the farmer specialized cooperative society exists, and pointed out develops the farmer specialized cooperative society’s vital significance. The fourth part to Our country Farmer Specialized Cooperative society’s development course, the present situation and the existence question has carried on the summary, pointed out although recent years Our Agricultural Cooperative developed rapidly, but still had the scale slightly, owes the standard, loosely and so on the questions. The fifth part, to Our Agricultural Cooperative Law about the farmer specialized cooperative society’s status, the nature, the principle, the property right, aspects and so on autonomous, democratic management and support policy has carried on the elaboration, and points out Our Agricultural Cooperative Law progress and deficiency. The sixth part to developed the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization, Agricultural Cooperative develops quantity to occupy the national first place early Shandong Province’s Agricultural Cooperative development situation to conduct the analysis research. Last the part suggested for the conclusion and the policy that, has made the simple summary to this article analysis, and puts forward the policy-type proposal.

　　【Key words】Farmer；Agricultural cooperative；Cooperative society law