【摘要】农民专业合作社把农户联合起来，可以提高农民组织化程度，降低生产成本和交易费用，提高农民市场谈判地位和抵御风险的能力，增强农业的市场竞争力。随着《农民专业合作社法》实施，农民专业合作社外部发展环境越来越完善，各地合作社发展迅速。然而，合作社的整体质量却不高，存在着规模小、结构松散、管理不规范、市场竞争力弱等问题。因此，研究影响农民专业合作社发展的因素，在理论上探讨合作社发展的内在规律，在实践上为政府部门制定政策提供依据，具有重大理论和实践意义。

　　基于此，本文首先回顾了国内外学者有关农民专业合作社发展因素的研究；其次，结合我国农民专业合作社的实际情况，从合作社内部因素角度选取了人力因素、制度因素、物质因素、商誉因素和关系因素五个影响因子，并构建了影响农民专业合作社发展的实证分析框架；最后，通过相关分析、因子分析、多元回归分析等方法，研究了各因素对农民专业合作社发展的影响程度及显着性，并得出结论和相应的对策建议。

　　研究结果表明，人力因素、制度因素、物质因素、商誉因素和关系因素与合作社发展正相关，且具有显着影响，其中商誉因素和物质因素对合作社发展影响最大最显着。人力因素主要由社长文化程度、担任社长年数和是否生产(销售)大户决定；制度因素主要由机构设置、会议记录、公开财务运营和盈余分配情况决定；物质因素主要由办公场所、服务设施和注册资金决定；商誉因素主要由注册商标、名牌产品、绿色认证和产品市场知名度决定；关系因素主要由合作社与政府、相关部门和村组织关系决定。

　　最后，在实证研究的基础上得出了若干建议：加大培训，提高社长的专业技术能力和经营管理能力；完善合作社的组织机构、利润分配制度，促进合作社规范化发展；增加合作社的物质资源，提高合作社的盈利能力和服务能力；加速合作社产品的品牌建设，拓展合作社的销售网络；加强合作社与政府等部门的联系，为合作社提供更多信息、技术指导和支持政策。

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社；农民组织；影响因素；浙江省

　　【Abstract】Fanners’ specialized cooperatives can unite farmers together, and better organize farmers in their access to the market. Cooperatives also can reduce production costs and transaction costs, improve the position of the farmers in the negotiation and the ability to withstand risks, and enhance the market competitiveness of agriculture. With the implement of "the Law of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative", the external environment becomes better and better, and farmers’ specialized cooperatives develop rapidly. However, the overall quality of cooperatives is low, and cooperatives have quite a lot of problems, such as small scope, loose structure, non-standardized management, weak market competitiveness and other problems. Therefore, it is both theoretical and practical significance for us to analyse the factors affecting the development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives. It not only can help us to clearly grasp the inherent law of the development of cooperatives, but also can provide suggestions for government to the further development of cooperatives.

　　For the reasons above, this paper firstly reviews the literatures on the factors affecting the development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives in the domestic and foreign. Secondly, considering the cooperatives’ actual situation in China, the paper constructs an empirical analysis frame about the factors affecting the development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives. And it analyzes five affecting factors which include human factors, institutional factors, material factors, goodwill factors and relation factors. Finally, this paper studies the relations and significances of the five factors about the development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives with correlation analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and other methods, and gets some conclusions and policy suggestions.

　　This paper figures out that human factors, institutional factors, material factors, goodwill factors and relation factors have positive correlation and remarkable influence on the development of cooperatives. And goodwill factors and material factors have the greatest impact on the development of cooperatives. Human factors mainly depend on cooperative manager’s education, the years served as manager and whether the manager is a producer (salesman) or not. Institutional factors mainly depend on establishment of institutions, meeting minutes, publicity of financial operations and profit distributions. Material factors mainly depend on whether the cooperative have office service facilities, and registered capital. Goodwill factors mainly depend on registered trademark, brand name, green certification and popularity of the product. Relation factors mainly depend on the relationship with the government, relevant departments and villages.

　　Based on the empirical results above, the following points are given. First, cooperatives should increase training to promote the manager’s professional skills and management abilities. Second, cooperatives should improve the organization, profit distribution system, and promote standardized development of cooperatives. Third, cooperatives should increase the material resources of cooperatives, and improve the profitabilities and service capabilities. Fourth, cooperatives should accelerate the brand building and expand sales network. Finally, the government and other departments should provide more information technical guidances and support policies.

　　【Key words】Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative；Fanners’ Organization；Affecting Factor；Zhejiang Province