【摘要】农民专业合作社在世界范围内的成功经验表明，农民专业合作社的建立和发展有利于提高农民组织化程度，增强农民在市场上的谈判能力，抵御市场风险，最终提高农民收入。20世纪70年代，我国家庭承包经营责任制的建立，有效地解放了农村生产力，促进了农村经济的快速发展，但是同时也把农民推向市场。为抵御市场风险，农民自发建立农民专业合作社。随后，农民专业合作社在中国发展迅速，逐渐成为农村中重要的组织。但是实际上，农民专业合作社在中国发展状况差强人意，除了一少部分专业合作社运作比较良好，给农民带来了实际效益，大部分农民专业合作社运作并不良好。

　　合作社的发展也受到了政府和学者的关注，大多数国内学者从介绍国外经验、研究建立农民专业合作社的必要性、制度变迁等角度研究农民专业合作社，很少运用资源依赖理论研究农民专业合作社的发展。资源依赖理论认为，组织发展需要资源，在众多资源中识别依赖资源并且获得该资源的能力对于组织发展至关重要，对于农民专业合作社也是如此。作为针对目前理论研究的空缺，本研究运用资源依赖理论，通过对文登市农民专业合作社的实地调研，运用案例分析法探索农民专业合作社发展过程中所依赖的资源，并提出相应的假设。利用获得的118份问卷，通过描述性统计分析、信度分析、相关分析和回归分析等数据分析方法，实证验证结果顾客资源、政府资源、人力资源对于农民专业合作社的组织绩效存在显着正相关关系，识别出这三种资源是农民专业合作社发展依赖资源。

　　通过理论分析与实证调研，总结研究发现顾客资源、政府资源、人力资源是农民专业合作社发展的依赖资源，同时指出本研究的局限性以及在未来还需要深入研究的问题。在此基础上提出了促进农民专业合作社进一步发展的建议，即农民专业合作社要争取更多的顾客资源、政府资源、人力资源，同时政府主动提供资源，减少农民专业合作社对外部资源的依赖，促进农民专业合作的发展，切实提高农民收入，促进农村经济发展，解决“三农”问题。

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社；资源依赖；顾客资源；政府资源；人力资源

　　【Abstract】The success of worldwide farmers’ specialized cooperatives shows that the estblishment and development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives benefits farmers’ organizations, enhances farmers’ negotiation ability in the market, resists the market risk, and increases farmers’ income ultimately. In 1970’s, the establishment of the household contract responsibility system liberated the rural productive forces effectively, promoted the growth and development of rural economy, created good conditions for the socialist market economy reform and development. At the same time, it pushed farmers into market. Farmers established specialized cooperatives with the help of government to resist the market risk. The farmers’ specialized cooperatives with rapid development are becoming important organizations in the countryside. In fact, most of farmers’ specialized cooperatives are not in a good situation, few cooperatives give farmers actual profits while most of them are not doing well.

　　The government and scholars give attention to the development of farmers’ specialized cooperative because of theirs function in increasing farmers’ income and promoting rural economy. Most Chinese scholars research from the angle like introducing foreign experiences, studying the necessity, or institution change, they rarely research the exterior environment of farmers’ specialized cooperatives. This article is under resource dependence theory, base on real diagnosis analysis from Wendeng City, use case analysis of their cooperatives’ exterior resource dependence, and then put forward assumption. Recurring to large-scale questionnaire research, applied SPSS statistic instrument consisted of description statistics, reliability analysis, regression analysis and regression analysis to analyze the relationship between farmers’ specialized cooperatives and their exterior resource dependence. The result indicates that farmers’ specialized cooperatives correlate with customer resource, government resource and human resource.

　　The author summaries by empirical research and theoretical analysis and find the clearly significance the exterior resource, including customer resource, government resource and human resource to farmers’ specialized cooperatives. Of course, pointing out these does not automatically solve the problem and in-depth study is still required. Based on the research, the author offer proposals for promoting the development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives, such as cooperatives need to strive for more customer resource, government resource and human resource, reduce exterior resource dependence, promote the development of farmers’ specialized cooperatives, increase farmers’ income, develop rural economy, solve the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

　　【Key words】Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives；Resource Dependence；Customer Resource；Government Resource；Human Resource