【摘要】农民专业合作社是在农村家庭承包经营基础上，同类农产品的生产经营者或者同类农业生产经营服务的提供者、利用者，自愿联合、民主管理的互助性经济组织。它以服务成员、谋求全体成员的共同利益为宗旨，为全体成员提供农业生产资料的购买，农产品的销售、加工、运输、贮藏以及与农业生产经营有关的技术、信息等服务。农民专业合作社的建设与持续发展，有利于提高农业生产的组织化程度，降低生产成本，促进产品加工与销售，增加农产品附加值，增加农民收入；有利于实施标准化生产、品牌化经营，提升农产品质量与安全水平，提高产品的市场竞争力；有利于农业生产中新品种、新技术、新设施的推广应用，加快农业增长方式转变与现代农业的发展。

　　论文阐述了合作社的产生与发展历程，分析了合作社的定义、宗旨及合作社原则，指出了发展合作社既是世界经济发展的必然趋势，也是我国农业发展的必然趋势。目前，世界上大多数国家和地区都成立了农民合作社，凡是已经或基本实现了农业现代化的国家和地区，无一例外都是通过推广农民合作社，实现了“小农业与大市场”的对接。

　　论文在阐述美国、荷兰、日本等发达国家农民合作社(农协)的基本情况、合作社原则及其实践、合作社运行、合作社的新发展等内容的基础上，分析了美、荷、日等国农民合作社(农协)持续发展的成功经验及启示。

　　论文分析了嘉兴市农民专业合作社发展现状与特点、发展经验与绩效；并选择桐乡市洲泉镇坝桥养鸭专业合作社等三家省级示范性农民专业合作社为典型案例，对合作社基本情况、组建背景与动因、发展历程、组织与运行机制、经营与服务活动、发展绩效、持续发展措施等进行了全面的阐述与分析。

　　论文分析了农民专业合作社持续发展中的困难。提出了促进农民专业合作社持续发展的对策，即提高思想认识，重视合作社建设与发展；落实各项扶持政策，营造良好发展环境；加强引导与协调，规范发展与运行；培育成功典型，扩大示范效应；注重业务培训，增强发展潜力；构建服务平台，促进持续发展。

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社；持续发展；实证分析

　　【Abstract】 On the basis of the rural household contracted operation, farmers’ specialized cooperatives, as economic organizations of mutual assistance, by way of voluntary alliance and democratic management, are the proprietors for the same agricultural products or provide and enjoy the services of the same agricultural production and operation. The purpose is to serve and pursue the common benefits for all the members, for example to help purchase agricultural means of production, to provide the services of sale, processing, transportation or storage of products and the related available technology and information. Thus the construction and sustained development of cooperatives will be helpful to enhance the level of the organization of agricultural production, lower the production cost, promote the processing and sale of products, and increase the added value and the income of the farmers. Meanwhile, it will be propitious to practise the standardized production and brand management, improve the quality and safety of agricultural products, and enhance the market competitiveness. Moreover, it will be favourable for the application and extension of new varieties, new technology and new facilities, speeding up the transformation of the method of increasing agricultural production and the development of modern agriculture.

　　Firstly, this paper elaborates the emergence and the developing process of the cooperative, analyses its definition, purposes and principles, and indicates that it is an inevitable trend to develop cooperatives for the development of the agriculture of our country as well as the world economy. For the moment, there are lots of farmers’ cooperatives over most countries and regions. The country and region which has basically achieved the agricultural modernization, without exception, achieve the joint of "small agriculture and large market" through the promotion of farmers cooperatives.

　　Secondly, through demonstrating the basic situation, the principles, the operation and the new development of farmers’ cooperatives(or Peasant Association) in such developed countries as America, Holland, Japan and etc., the paper analyses the successes and lessons from the sustained development of farmers’ cooperative in these countries.

　　Furthermore, the paper evaluates the present situation, characteristics, successful experiences and achievements of specialized farmers’ cooperatives in Jiaxing City. Taking three farmers’ cooperatives of feeding ducks which are provincial exemplary bases(in Baqiao Village, Zhouquan Town, Tongxiang City) as an example, it gives a comprehensive formulation and analysis on the basic situation, the background and underlying forces, the developing process, the system of organization and operation, services, achievements, and measures for the sustained development.

　　Finally, the paper assesses the difficulties of developing farmers’ specialized cooperatives. What’s more important, it proposes the remedial measures, that is, to raise awareness, and attach importance to the construction and development of cooperatives; to implement all the supporting policies and create excellent developing environment; to step up its guidance and coordination, and standardize its development and operation; to set successful examples and broaden the effect of demonstration; to focus on vocational training and strengthen development potentials; to build services platform and further sustainable development.

　　【Key words】 farmers’ specialized cooperatives；sustainable development；empirical analysis