【摘要】自20世纪80年代，我国农村确立了以家庭承包经营为基础的统分结合的双层经营体制，农民获得了生产经营自主权，成为独立的财产主体和市场主体，极大地解放了农村的生产力。但是，随着经济的快速发展，市场竞争日趋激烈，小规模家庭的经营弱点逐渐显现，农民专业合作经济组织越来越作为提高家庭经营抗御自然风险和市场风险的形式被采用。2006年10月31日《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》通过，2007年7月1日开始实施，这对合作社的发展具有促进意义。农民专业合作社是农民联合所有、民主控制、经济参与并受益的经济组织，研究其内部制度安排具有重要的理论和实践意义。

　　在中国，农民专业合作社有大量的实践，尤其是在东部沿海地区。本文则选取西部地区的农民专业合作社为研究对象，以陕西省宝鸡市农民专业合作社实践为例，进一步阐述中国农民专业合作社内部制度的理论。

　　本文以新制度经济学为主要的分析工具，采用实证分析和规范分析及理论联系实际的方法，分析了农民专业合作社的产权安排和治理结构理论，中国农民专业合作社的内部制度安排特征，然后以陕西省宝鸡市为例，对宝鸡市农民专业合作社的产权安排和治理结构现状进行分析，并在借鉴美日农业合作社内部制度的基础上，对宝鸡市农民专业合作社的内部制度安排提出了建议。

　　本文由六章组成。

　　第一章“导论”,着重介绍本研究的背景、目的、意义、思路、方法和结构，国内外研究成果。

　　第二章“我国农民专业合作社的产权安排”,在农业合作社产权理论、国外农业合作社产权安排分类的基础上，分析了我国农民专业合作社的产权安排类型和特征。

　　第三章“我国农民专业合作社的内部制度治理结构”,在治理结构的一般理论及农业合作社治理结构理论的基础上，分析了我国农民专业合作社的治理结构特征及类型。

　　第四章“案例分析--以宝鸡市为例”,介绍了宝鸡市农民专业合作社的概况及产权安排、治理结构现状。

　　第五章“国外农业合作社内部制度的借鉴”,着重分析了美日农业合作社的内部制度特征。

　　第六章“农民专业合作社内部制度存在的问题及建议”,提出了目前宝鸡市农民专业合作社内部制度存在的问题，并提出了相应的建议，这对西部地区农民专业合作社的发展也具有借鉴意义。

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社；产权安排；治理结构；宝鸡市；内部制度

　　【Abstract】The two-tier management system that integrates unified with separate management on the basis of household contract management has been established in Chinese rural areas since 1980th, farmers got the independent rights of production and operation and became the independent main body of property and market, which has liberated productive forces to great extent. With the fast development of economy and the fierce competition of market in recent years, the weakness of household management has gradually appeared, in this period, farmer cooperative organizations became the main form which could help household management resist natural risks and market risks. The Law of Farmer Specialized Cooperatives of People’s Republic of China was promulgated on October the 31st 2006 and enacted on July the 1st 2007, which accelerate the farmer specialized cooperatives development. A cooperative, which is jointly owned, democratically controlled, economically participated and benefited by farmer members, is an economic organization, so it is very important to research cooperatives’ inner institution in theory and practice.

　　In China, there are large numbers of farmer specialized cooperatives, especially in eastern inshore areas. Chinese western areas’ farmer specialized cooperatives are selected in the dissertation and cooperatives of Baoji city in Shaanxi province are analyzed to explore the Chinese farmer specialized cooperatives’ inner institution.

　　The dissertation takes new institutional economics as analysis tool and adopts positive analysis and normal analysis and applies theory to reality, explores farmer specialized cooperatives’ arrangement of property rights and governance structure of Chinese farmer specialized cooperatives and inner institution, and then, analyzes the cooperatives in Baoji city and give some suggestions about the farmer specialized cooperatives’ inner institution in Baoji on the basis of consulting American and Japanese farmer specialized cooperatives.

　　There are 6 components forming the dissertation.

　　First, the chapter One is “Introduction”, it provides an overview of the whole thesis as well as the research objective, significances and methods and the study achievements on cooperatives in and out the country.

　　And then, the chapter Two“ The arrangement of property rights of Chinese farmer specialized cooperatives”, it analyzes the types and features of Chinese farmer specialized cooperatives’ arrangement of property rights on the basis of cooperative’s property rights theory and foreign cooperatives’ classification of arrangement of property rights.

　　Later, the chapter Three“ the governance structure of Chinese farmer specialized cooperatives’ inner institution”, it analyzes the types and features of Chinese farmer specialized cooperatives’ governance structure on the basis of basic theory of governance structure and cooperatives’ theory of governance structure.

　　After that, the general situation and arrangement of property rights and governance structure of the farmer specialized cooperatives in Baoji city are emphasized in chapter Four“ cases—taking Baoji city as an Example”.

　　Afterwards, chapter Five, titled as“ Consulting foreign farmer cooperatives’ inner institution”, mainly discuss the inner institution features of American and Japanese farmer cooperatives.

　　Finally, the chapter Six“ the problems and the suggestions of inner institution of farmer specialized cooperatives in Baoji city”, it provides the suggestion about improving farmer specialized cooperatives in Baoji city, which is also significant to farmer specialized cooperatives’development in Chinese western areas.

　　【Key words】farmer specialized cooperatives；arrangement of property rights；governance structure；Baoji city；inner institution