【摘要】在城乡二元体制长期存在的历史条件下，我国农村公共物品供给严重不足。要实现构建社会主义和谐社会的历史目标，保证新农村建设的顺利开展，就必须解决好农村公共物品的供给问题。农村经济的快速发展要求农村公共物品的供给能够适应需求，农村公共物品的供给主体应从农村公共物品的政府主导供给，发展到私人资本以及非营利组织的参与，逐步将农村公共物品的供给主体范围扩大，摒弃过去的主体一元化，实现多元化供给。在国际上，农村合作社被认为是市场经济条件下发展农村经济的一个重要组成部分，在世界各国都有不同程度的发展。改革开放以来，农村合作社确实为农民提供了许多公共物品。但是我国普遍存在的农村公共物品供给不足以及农村合作社的作用发挥程度不够是目前亟待解决的关键问题之一。

　　本文分析了农村合作社供给准公共物品所存在的问题，提出了有利于农村合作社发挥提供准公共物品功能的政策建议。研究内容主要涉及：(1)农村公共物品的供给模式；(2)农村合作社提供准公共物品的必要性；(3)农村合作社提供准公共物品的范围、存在的问题及影响合作社供给的宏、微观因素；(4)国内外农村合作社的比较。

　　首先，对公共物品多种模式供给的可行性进行了分析，通过分析发现随着国家宏观农村政策的调整及农村治理结构的相应变化，建立农村公共物品的多元供给模式确实有助于公共物品的有效供给。通过对政府的公共物品投入、私人部门的市场失灵等情况的研究，论证了农村合作社供给准公共物品的必要性，并指出了可由农村合作社供给的准公共物品类别。通过分析我国农村合作社建立的原因及发展现状，发现目前的农村合作社已经为准公共物品供给提供了一定程度的现实基础。本文为了体现农村合作社提供准公共物品情况的真实性与准确性，对缙云县进行实地调研，通过对缙云县景禾畜禽专业合作社和缙云县仙都农机服务专业合作社的访谈，收集了关于这两家合作社成立背景、组织形式、绩效、服务内容等方面的数据资料。基于案例分析了该县农村合作社提供的准公共物品或服务的主要内容，如：提供原材料供应、提供生产技术服务、提供农机服务等。研究发现该县农村合作社提供准公物品中存在以下主要问题：(1)准公共物品供给少；(2)服务水平较低；(3)农户参加农村合作社比率较低等。随后对造成上述问题的原因进行了分析。最后，比较了国外农村合作社与我国农村合作社的发展情况，总结了国外农村合作社提供农村准公共物品方面的成功经验。探讨了我国农村合作社发展可以借鉴的一些经验。

　　在上述理论研究、案例分析和国内外农村合作社情况比较分析的基础上，对我国农村合作社的目的和功能进行了讨论。通过研究给出了有利于农村合作社发展的宏观环境与自身建设的政策建议。

　　【关键词】农村合作社；准公共物品；供给

　　【Abstract】 In the historical conditions of the long existence of the urban-rural dual system, there is serious shortage of rural public goods supply. To realize the history objective of the harmonious socialist society and successfully ensure the construction of the new rural area, the problem of rural public goods supply should be solved. It is essential that the rural public goods supply should meet the rapid development of rural economy, the leading provider of the rural public goods should be changed from government to private sector and non-profit organization. Meanwhile, the providers of rural public goods should be gradually extended. The unitary provision system performed in the past should be replaced by the multiple systems. The rural cooperative is known internationally as an important constituent part of the development of rural economy. It has been developed in most of the region in the world, but levels of the development vary from country to country. Since the policy of reform and opening to the outside world was adopted, the growth of the rural cooperative has indeedly offered a mass of rural public goods. However, the key problem is how to play the role of rural cooperatives in the rural area.

　　After analyzing the exiting problems of the quasi-public goods supplied by the rural cooperatives, Policy recommendations to benefit playing the rural cooperative’s functions in the quasi- public goods supply were proposed. The investigation contents mainly involve the diversity of rural public goods supply mode. The necessity, providing range and exiting problems of the quasi-public goods supplied by rural cooperatives, the macro and micro factors affecting cooperatives supply. In addition, comparisons of rural cooperatives between home and abroad were performed.

　　Firstly, feasibility study for the diversity of rural public goods supply mode was discussed. With the adjustment of the national macroscopic countryside policy and modification of the countryside management structure, established the diversity of rural public goods supply mode would contribute to the effective supply of public goods. After investigating several problems (i.e. government’s input in public goods, market failure in private sector etc.), it indicated that it was highly necessary that rural cooperatives supplied quasi-public goods. Moreover, which kinds of quasi-public goods could be supplied by rural cooperatives was pointed out. Through analyzing the reasons for the establishment of rural cooperatives in China and the current status of rural cooperatives, it is proved that rural cooperatives offered a reality foundation for quasi-public goods supply. In order to embody the accuracy and truth of investigation, the case study in Jinyun County was conducted. Interviews with the staffs and members of two professional cooperatives were carried out. And information (e.g. the background of the establishment of two cooperatives, organization form, performance, service etc.) was collected. Based on the analysis of actual case, the quasi-public goods or service supplied by rural cooperatives in the county were analyzed. It mainly included several aspects, such as raw materials supplying, technology service and agricultural machinery service. The results indicated that there existed some problems (e.g. lack of quasi-public goods or services, the low level of service, low proportion in cooperative member etc.). Then analyze the reasons for these problems. Finally, successful experiences of the overseas rural cooperative in aspect of quasi-public goods were gained from the contrastive analysis between home and abroad. China can learn the experience of other countries for reference.

　　Based on the above theoretical research, the case analysis, contrastive analysis of rural cooperative between home and abroad, property and function of the rural cooperative were discussed in detail. The macro-environment which is benefit to the development of rural cooperative is put forward, and some suggestions on self-building are proposed.

　　【Key words】 rural cooperatives； quasi-public goods； provision