【摘要】 合作社(co-operative)在我国早已有之,并经历了曲折的发展历程,同时也积累了宝贵的经验及教训。如今,随着我国改革开放的不断深入和社会主义市场经济体制的建立及完善,广大农民也被卷入了市场经济的浪潮,甚至开始参与世界经济一体化的进程。然而,单个的农户在市场竞争中处于明显的弱势地位,其谈判及抗拒风险的能力较为薄弱。在此背景下,有关专家学者呼吁,只有让农民走合作化的道路才可以较好的克服单个农户无力应对市场经济的困境,而已有的合作社也确实在促进农民增收、农业产业化及提升农民规避市场风险的能力方面发挥了较为明显的作用。于是,在专家呼吁和广泛宣传的情况下,农民专业合作社进入了一个较快的发展时期。对于农民专业合作社的发展,党和政府也给予了高度重视,多次在政策文件中提及农民专业合作社的发展,并专门出台了《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》,对农民专业合作社给予支持和保护,同时也是对合作社的规范,因此,《合作社法》的出台标志着我国农民专业合作社开始步入了制度化的进程。在提倡依法治国的社会中,对合作社进行法律规范是理性的选择。然而,发源于小农经济基础上的农民专业合作社具有天然的零散性,加之我国幅员辽阔,民族众多的国情,我国的农民专业合作社具有十足的多样性或说地域性,因为我国的农民专业合作社作为一个社会组织是“嵌入”在具体的文化背景之中的,其组建及运作也是按照所在地的“惯习”进行的,因此,在制度化的进程中,我国的农民专业合作社势必会面临一些困境,这些困境能否及时解决将关系到我国农民专业合作社能否健康发展。本文就是在这样的背景下,对我国制度化进程中农民专业合作社的困境进行了研究,着重分析了我国合作社中普遍存在的名实分离、外部法律环境缺失及运作失灵的困境,并提出了相应的对策建议。本研究共分为六个部分：第一部分为导论部分,主要介绍了本研究的缘起、研究的意义、研究的方法、思路,并对本研究中的相关概念进行了界定。第二部分为文献综述部分,对国内外农民专业合作社的发展状况及研究进行了较为系统的梳理,以期为本研究提供较好的理论借鉴。第三部分主要对我国合作社的发展历程进行了梳理,并总结了其中的经验及教训,以期为解决我国农民专业合作社在制度化进程中面临的困境提供参考。第四部分为文章的重点部分,在此部分中,笔者结合实地调研及文献梳理,对制度化进程中我国农民专业合作社普遍存在的名实分离、外部法律环境缺失及运作失灵的困境进行了分析。第五部分也是文章的重点,笔者从国家层面、地方层面及合作社自身层面提出了解决存在困境的立体化的对策建议,希望能对解决制度化进程中合作社面临的困境提供参考。第六部分为文章的结尾部分,主要对本论文所研究的问题进行了一个简要的总结,并对以后深入研究的问题进行了初步的讨论。

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 制度化； 《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》； 制度环境；

　　【Abstract】 The Co-operative began to appear and develop in China long time ago, which has acquired some precious experience and lessons in this long span of time. Nowadays, with in-depth development of the reform and opening-up policy and perfecting of the socialist market economic system, a mass of peasants have flung themselves into the tide of market economy and even the course of international economic integration. However, obviously, a single peasant household stands weak in the competition of market economy, whose capability to negotiate and confront the hazard is much weaker. Facing this kind of background, some pertinent experts and scholars appeal for a better understanding that the peasants’co-operative road can well overcome this difficulty, in which a single household has not the ability to utilize the market economy, and that the present co-operative assuredly has played a more effective role in promoting peasants’ earning increase, agriculture industrialization and advancing peasants’ability to shun market hazard. Therefore, as result of the experts’appealing and widely propagandizing, the peasants’co-operative has greeted a quicker period of development. The Party and Administration have paid an earnest attention to the co-operative’s development, mentioned it continuously in some policies and documents, and specially promulgated Law on Professional Co-operative of Peasant of People’s Republic of China to support, protect and simultaneously standardize the co-operative. The promulgation of Law on Professional Co-operative of Peasant indicates that our country’s professional co-operative of peasant has stepped into a course of institutionalization.In a country of nomocracy, a jural standardization toward co-operative is a kind of rational choice. However, the professional co-operative of peasant based on peasantry economy possess naturally the scattered quality. In addition to our country’s wide territory and numerous peoples, as a kind of social organization, our country’s professional co-operatives of peasant have lain embedded in the concrete cultural background, whose constitution and operation will always act according to local convention. Consequently, in the course of institutionalization, our professional co-operative of peasant necessarily will confront a lot of predicament, whose timely settlement will determine whether our professional co-operatives of peasant can develop healthily. Under this kind of background, this thesis approaches the predicament of professional co-operative of peasant in the course of institutionalization, especially analyzes separateness of appearance and fact, imperfection of outer legal circumstance and manipulative failure, which consist pervasively in our professional co-operative of peasant, and puts forward suggestion and strategy accordingly.This thesis consists of six parts:The first part is an introduction, which introduces this thesis’s origin, significance, study methods and outline, and defines this its correlative concepts.The second part is a summary about correlative study, which systemically summarizes co-operative’s development and study at home and abroad and provide a good theoretical basis for this thesis.The third part summarizes the development of our professional co-operative of peasant and its experience and lessons, looking forward to providing reference points for breaking through the predicament of our professional co-operative of peasant in the course of institutionalization.The fourth part is the core of this thesis. Combining with field survey and bibliographic data, the author analyzes separateness of appearance and fact, imperfection of outer legal circumstance and manipulative failure, which consist pervasively in our professional co-operative of peasant in the course of institutionalization.The fifth part is also another core of this thesis. From the layer of whole country, district and co-operative itself, the author puts forward the all-around strategy and suggestion in order to settle the existent predicament, looking forward to providing reference points for breaking through the predicament of our professional co-operative of peasant in the course of institutionalization.The sixth part is the conclusion of this thesis, which summarizes briefly the problems in the thesis, and provides a introductory approach for future in-depth study.

　　【Key words】 professional co-operative of peasant； institutionalization； Law on Professional Co-operative of Peasant of People’s Republic of China； institutional circumstance；