【摘要】建国后，我国对适合本国国情的农业制度进行了艰难曲折的探索。农业合作形式曾经是我国农业的基本经济制度，它的发展经历了复杂的变化，主要经历了从改革开放以前的互助合作、人民公社到改革开放之后建立的各种新型农民专业合作组织。农民专业合作社是伴随农村改革发展产生的新事物，是继家庭承包经营、乡镇企业、农业产业化经营、农村税费改革之后，我国农村经营体制的又一制度创新；随着专业协会和农民专业合作社在全国各地的蓬勃发展，改变了以传统龙头企业为主导的农业产业化市场格局，提高了农民的市场谈判地位，也为政府实施农业产业化和标准化提供了新的平台和抓手。但是目前，我国的农民专业合作社仍处于弱势地位，运行机制存在诸多问题，使其在市场转型和博弈中发展缓慢。

　　在市场经济高速发展的时代，由市场控制着资源的流向与配置，农民专业合作社的规模和运行模式变化很快，不同地区的合作组织也各具特色，只有立足实际、找准典型、从动态发展和全部要素中分析提炼，才能找到合作社运行机制中存在问题的根源、寻求发展之道。因此，本研究在新时期国内外农民专业合作社运动蓬勃发展的大背景下，立足于全国和江苏的实际发展状况，选取了“苏北粮仓”响水县作为研究对象；全文从管理、制度、经济等视角，将实证研究与规范研究相结合，首先采用调查访问、比较分析和综合评价等方法，对响水县农民专业合作社的发展状况、经营模式及其运行特点进行纵向梳理与横向分类；接着从微观角度切入，结合典型案例对农民专业合作社的运行机制进行深入调查与剖析；通过与发达国家典型农业合作社的对比分析，找到当地农民专业合作社在运行机制、效果等方面的缺失与失效环节；同时借鉴国外农业合作社的成功经验，运用规范分析对农民专业合作社运行机制的完善和发展对策做了有针对性的论述，并在此基础上因地制宜地提出发展与创新之道，以期为农民专业合作社的制度创新和探索发展扫除障碍、理清思路。

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社；运行机制；合作经济；响水县

　　【Abstract】 After the establishment, our nation has been searching a appropriate way to build up the agricultural mechanism that is fit for Chinese situation. The agriculture cooperation was a basic economy. It went through a series of changes, mainly including the mutual help before "Reform and Opening", the people’s commune and all kinds of fanner’s professional cooperated economic organizations after "Reform and Opening". The specialized farmer cooperative is new during the process of agricultural reforms. It is creative after Family Responsibility System, town and township enterprises, industrialized agricultural operation and reform of rural taxation system. Professional associations and specialized farmer cooperatives have changed the pattern that the leading companies play a key role in agricultural industrialized market. Besides the bargaining position of farmers are enhanced and a new opportunity has been provided for the government to carry out industrialization and standardization. However many existing problems are now hindering the operational mechanism of specialized farmer cooperatives.

　　In a society that has a rapid development, marketing controls materials. The scale and patters of specialized farmer cooperatives are changing quickly and show local features. So we should have a foothold on reality, focus on typical cases and analyze developmentally and overall to find out the problems and summarize the solutions. The essay takes Xiangshui, the SuBei Barn, for example to analyze the development of specialized farmer cooperatives in Xiangshui from the angles of economics, management and law. The base of the essay is live research, such as integrated analyzing, case analyzing and contrast analyzing. Through the comparison with specialized farmer cooperatives overseas, the essay tries to find out the links that are ineffective and gives some suggestions to improve and further specialized farmer cooperatives development in the end.

　　【Key words】 Specialized Farmer Cooperatives； Function Mechanism； Cooperative Economy； Xiangshui Country