【摘要】 为解决农村地区金融供给不足、竞争不充分以及农户信贷约束等问题,我国调整放宽农村地区银行业金融准入政策,促进农村金融的多元化发展,以合作制为原则组建的农村新型合作金融组织亦是这一轮农村金融改革和发展的重点。从实践来看,各地的农村新型合作金融组织的发展对于推动农村金融市场发展、促进农户经济发展及平滑农户消费波动等发展发挥了较好的金融配置作用。本文以新制度经济学为主要分析工具,结合中国农业和农村发展的实际情况,以多模式的农村新型合作金融组织为主要研究对象,并针对多模式发展现象给予一个系统的分析框架,在此基础上,对这些农村新型合作金融组织的制度特征、制度变迁、制度环境、功能表现等进行系统的理论探讨和实证研究。本文采用“总—分—总”的结构框架,分为七个部分:第一部分,对农村新型和金融组织的研究范围进行界定,明确本研究的目的、意义和主要内容,对已有的研究成果加以总结和评述,明确进一步需要研究的方向;第二部分,从合作金融的本质和演变入手,对我国新型农村合作金融组织的本源和属性进行界定,并对目前我国出现的多种类型农村新型合作金融组织进行分类。第三部分,从制度创新的需求和供给两个方面探讨我国农村新型合作金融组织的发生和发展的内在机制,以及现阶段出现多模式的原因。第四和第五部分,分别以农民专业合作社内部资金互助组织和贫困村村级互助资金组织为例证对象,研究这种新型合作金融组织的制度特征、组织功能及发展中存在的问题。第六部分,从国家政策环境、组织自身制度建设和成员农户三个层面探讨合作金融组织发展的影响因素。第七部分,研究结论及相应的政策建议。通过分析得出的主要结论:1.合作金融以内生于民间的方式在我国再次产生与发展显示了这种制度的包容性和极强的生命力,我国政府作为历次金融变革的主导者,在新型农村合作金融组织的发展中依然有着强大的影响力,新型合作金融的发展是一个强制性制度变迁和诱致性制度变迁的结果。2.在合作金融组织制度运行、农户成员的异质性、外部农村金融市场的特征以及各级政府对合作金融的支持等因素的作用下,使得我国新型合作金融组织在发展过程中呈现出不同的发展类型和模式。3.本文所涉及的这些不同类型的农村新型金融组织的组建均体现了合作制的基本原则,但是在组织制度构成、组织功能等方面存在一定的差异,这与目前我国区域发展的差异性、各种类型的组织制度设计的导向等息息相关。4.资金短缺、内部治理结构不健全等问题是制约目前我国多数农村新型合作金融组织发展的主要问题。基于以上结论,论文提出的政策建议:1.出台合作金融法,保障合作金融的主体地位。2.继续降低农村金融准入门槛,加大合作金融试点建设力度。3.设立灵活的产权制度,保证组织活力和有效率的运行。4.坚持合作制本质和根本原则,规范内部治理结构。5.推动专业合作社向金融合作发展,金融合作向专业合作社延伸。6.政府给予必要的指导和支持。7.拓展融资渠道,建立与正规金融机构的联结机制。

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社内部资金互助； 贫困村村级互助资金组织； 制度分析；

　　【Abstract】 In order to solve the financial insufficient supply in rural areas, the lack of competition, farmers credit constraints and other issues, the China’s banking access policy was adjusted to relax in rural areas to promote the diversification of rural finance development, and the new rural cooperative finance organization which is built by cooperative system is the emphasis of this round of rural financial reform and development priorities. According to practice, the new rural cooperative finance organization play a good role in the financial allocation for the development of the rural financial market, promoting the economic development and smoothing the household consumption fluctuations.Based on new institutional economics theories, this paper combined with China’s agriculture and rural development, take the actual situation of a multi-mode new rural cooperative finance organizations as the main research object, and give an analytical framework for the development of the phenomenon of multi-mode system. On this basis, these new rural cooperative finance organization’s institutional characteristic, institutional change, institutional environment, functional performance was discussed with systematic theory and empirical research. It is according to the thinking line of“descript the current situation—theoretical analysis—empirical analysis—policy and suggestion”. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part is to define the study scope of the new rural cooperative finance organization and make clear the purpose, meaning and content of this study. It also learns and comments on the existing research about the cooperative finance organization, and in the end of this part the author propose what we should research in the further. The second one is define the origin and properties of the new rural finance cooperative institutions by the nature and evolution of cooperative financial, and give a new classification standard to the new rural cooperative finance organization. The third one is to discuss the appearance and development internal mechanism of the new rural cooperative finance organization from both the institutional supply and demand of the institutional innovation, and the reason for the development of various types. In the fourth and fifth part, take the internal financial cooperative of the farmer specialty cooperative organization and poverty villages financial cooperative as the example to discuss their institutional characteristics, organizational functions and the problems in the development. In the sixth one, from the national policy environment, the financial cooperative organization’s own system and the members of the organization of three levels to find the influencing factors of the organization’s development. The last part is based on analysis of the first six parts to make a conclusion and give some propose policies and suggestions for the healthy development of the new rural cooperative finance organizations.It makes some conclusion after analysis. Firstly, financial cooperation was initiated by the farmers once again in our country shows the institution itself have a strong vitality and inclusiveness, and the government as the leader in previous financial reform still play a very important role in the development of the new rural cooperative finance organization, while imposed institutional change caused by government domination and induced institutional change caused by farms requirement form the appearance and development of the new rural cooperative finance organization. Secondly, Owing to the organization system in operation, the heterogeneity of the members, the characteristics of rural financial markets, the governments at all levels support to the organization and other factors make the new cooperative finance organizations in the development process showing many different type and model. Thirdly, these organizations are all built by cooperative system, but they have differences in the organization structure, organizational functions and other aspects, because of the regional difference in our country, the design function orientation of various types of organizations and other factors. Fourthly, shortage of funds, the imperfect of internal governance is main problems which hinder the development the new cooperative finance organizations.According to conclusions above, it puts forward some policies and suggestions. First of all, financial cooperative laws should be made to protect the dominant position in the market. Secondly, continue to relax the rural finance policy, and strength the pilot of the new cooperative finance organizations. Besides, establishment of a flexible system of property rights to ensure the originations’viability and efficiency. In addition, adhere to the cooperative nature and its fundamental principles, regulate the internal governance structure. What’s more, the government should give necessary guidance and support. Last but not least, widening financing channel, and establish links with formal financial institutions.

　　【Key words】 The internal financial cooperative of the farmer specialty cooperative organization； Poverty villages cooperative finance organization； Institutional analysis；