【摘要】 农民专业合作经济组织的兴起和发展是改革开放以来,农业和农村经济发展中涉及农村微观经济基础变革的大事。其产生和发展是我国农村基本经济制度及其经营体制在新的历史时期既具必然性又具有时代性的变迁与创新。它一方面改变了我国农民的经营方式和农业产业的组织结构,另一方面也面临着自身的发展问题。与农民专业合作经济组织发展有关的问题主要有：在现有的外部约束条件下,农民专业合作经济组织究竟有没有生命力,农民专业合作经济组织的产生和发展需要什么样的土壤,农民专业合作经济组织的生成机理是什么?农民专业合作经济组织的发展绩效如何、怎样评价农民专业合作经济组织的发展绩效、其发展存在那些瓶颈?现有的形形色色的农民专业合作经济组织究竟是如何运作的?在我国国情的制约下,农民专业合作经济组织的发展应当遵循什么样的原则?为什么农民专业合作经济组织经常选择依托外部力量的发展形式?当模糊界定的产权普遍为大家所垢病的时候,农民专业合作经济组织应如何界定其产权?怎样才能完善我国农民专业合作经济组织的内部治理机制?怎样才能保障和优化我国农民专业合作经济组织的外部发展环境?农民专业合作经济组织如何在环境的约束下选择其发展战略?本文的核心就是在充分考虑我国农业与农村发展的现实条件的基础上,基于合作社理论的一般,利用新古典经济学和新制度经济学的相关理论对上述问题进行解答。根据现代组织理论研究的逻辑顺序以及我国农民专业合作经济组织发展的实践,本文共包括十二章内容：第1章“导论”,介绍本文的选题背景、研究目的与意义、界定本文的研究对象、廓清相关概念,提出研究假设、研究思路和研究方法,论述本文的创新与不足。第2章“农民专业合作经济组织的内涵与功能”,本章对农民专业合作经济组织的相关概念进行界定和区分,剖析农民专业合作经济组织的内涵与特点,在此基础上统一农民专业合作经济组织的识别口径,并对发展农民专业合作经济组织的意义进行归纳。第3章“农民专业合作经济组织的理论述评”,回顾国际合作思想的发展演变,梳理和总结国外具有代表性的合作理论,追踪合作理论的最新进展,并对我国学者在这一领域的研究成果进行总结和评介。第4章“境外农民专业合作经济组织的实践述评”,主要介绍典型发达国家和地区发展农民合作经济的历程、合作经济组织的类型、功能和特点；分析合作经济组织存在的问题和未来的发展趋势；归纳总结他们的实践经验。第5章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的生成机理”,借鉴新制度经济学和新古典经济学的分析方法,构建相应的模型,在模型分析的基础上,从制度变迁层面和农户微观层面阐释我国农民专业合作经济组织产生的动因和发展空间。第6章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的绩效和存在的问题”,借鉴制度变迁理论、产业组织理论和厂商理论,从宏观、中观和微观层面构建了一个农民专业合作经济组织绩效分析的框架,通过模型化的方法揭示影响其发展的因素,为农民专业合作社的规范发展和绩效的科学评估提供一个参照系。本章还在绩效评价的基础上,指出我国农民专业合作经济组织存在的问题。第7章“我国建立与发展农民专业合作经济组织的原则”,回顾了经典的合作社原则,从集体行动的视角探讨了合作社原则的变迁动因及演变趋势,归总了合作社原则的核心,提出我国农民专业合作经济组织应当遵循的基本原则。第8章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的产权界定”,简要回顾产权理论及其分析框架；分析了传统合作社产权界定的合理性和局限性以及农民合作经济组织产权结构的变迁；探讨了我国农民专业合作经济组织产权安排的特点。第9章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的运行方式”,以农民专业合作经济组织的典型运作模式为研究对象,重点探讨不同模式的内涵、制度特征、经济绩效与内在演化关系,从发展的动态角度分析运作模式的变化规律,并在此基础上提出选择和培育农民专业合作经济组织运作模式的对策建议。第10章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的内部治理机制”,立足我国农民专合组织治理的实践,提出了新的治理框架；揭示农民专业合作经济组织面临的治理问题；反映农民专业合作经济组织的治理结构现状;剖析农民专业合作经济组织的治理机制；提出完善农民专业合作经济组织治理的对策框架。第11章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的外部保障机制”,介绍世界各国扶持农民合作经济组织的政策和手段,政府扶持农民合作的理论依据以及学者对扶持政策的质疑,在分析政府扶持缺陷的基础上,提出修正政府失灵的对策建议。本章还分析了相关利益群体建设与农民专业合作经济组织的发展；制度建设与农民专业合作经济组织的发展；农村市场体系与农民专业合作经济组织的发展。第12章“我国农民专业合作经济组织的发展战略”。本章是在第10章和第11章分析的基础上,运用SWOT分析框架对影响我国农民专业合作经济组织发展的外部环境的机会与威胁、内部环境的优势与劣势进行分析,提出适合农民专业合作经济组织发展的战略选择。

　　【关键词】 中国； 农民专业合作经济组织； 合作社； 制度； 产权； 运行机制； 治理结构； 战略分析；

　　【Abstract】 Farmer cooperatives have arisen quietly in rural areas in China since reform and opening up and have been developing quickly. The institutional arrangement not only comprises the complex mechanism of interests that exists in Chinse rural society,but also involves the special constraint conditions that occur institutional supply of domestic agriculture and countryside.Additionally,it indicates the institutional prospect of the economic development of Chinese rural society.On one hnad, it changes the operation models of farmers and organization structure of agricultural industry on the other hand, it also brings about the institutional arrangement issues for the cooperatives itself. The main questions concering the farmer cooperatives are as follows:Is there any survial room for farmer cooperatives?Why farmer cooperative in China usually adopt a. developing way depending on the extenal force? What are the Places of the investors, Operators and Patronizers in the ownership structure of the existing farmer specialized cooperatives? Who and what benefit from the developmen of cooperatives and what are their way of making profits and shares?How about their future development? When the dim definition of property right of cooperatives is universally criticized by economists, how to define the property right of farmer cooperatives in China? Have cooperatives established comparatively perfect governance structure? What are the features of principal-agent relations of cooperatives? What factors affect the above institutional arrangement of cooperatives?The core of the paper is to use the concerned the theories of new classical economics and new instiutional economics to answer the above questions.Answers to all the questions are based on the general theories of coopeartives and with the full consideration of the full factors a such as small production scale, diversified operation and strong heterogeneiy to farm households in China. Based on the logical odrer of the researchs on modern enterprise theories and the data or from my field surveys, the paper consists of twelves chapeters:Chapter 1:Introduction.This chapter firstly presents the research background,the purpose and significance of the dissertation,and then briefly summarizes and evaluates the dynamics of domestic and international research on the study of ideas.Finally,the chapter puts forward the methods and possible innovations.Chapter2:The connotation and functions of farmer cooperatives.The essence and the organizational border of cooperatives are emphasized in this chapter. The chapter also defines clearly some confused concept on farmer cooperatives and identifies the reseach of objects of the papaer.Chapter3:The general theoretical desriptions of farmer cooperatives.This chapter mainly reviews literature on cooperatives and introduces the achievements and latest development of coopeartives within and outside China.Each of the remained chapter basically focuses on one aspect of the institutional arrangement of cooperatives to achieve a full understanding of the institutional arrangement of farmer cooperatives in China.Chapter4:The practice and experience of overseas cooperatives organizations.This chapter reviews farmer cooperatives development in the USA,Germany,Japan and Taiwan,summarizes the experiences and implications,and reveals that specialized agricultural production,development of market,establishment of internal organization principle and perfection of the mechanism,cooperative education and government support are positive factors in promoting farmer cooperative development in China.Chapter5:On generating mechanism of Chinese farmer cooperatives.In this chaper, based on the theoretical foundation of new classical economics and new institutional economics, constructe an explanatory framework of generating mechanism of farmer cooperatives.from bob microeconomics, middle range and macroeconomics angles.Chapter 6:Achievements and the existence question of Chinese farmer cooperativesBased on the theoretical foundation of new classical economics and new institutional economics, constructed a achievements analysis frame of farmer cooperatives from macroscopic, the intermediate perspective and the microscopic stratification plane, reveal the factor of affecting its development through the simulated method, provides a reference system for the farmer cooperative.This chapter also in the achievements appraisal’s foundation, pointed out existing question of farmer cooperatives in our country.Chapter7:Principle of the development of Chinese farmer cooperativesThis chapter reviewed principle of the classics cooperatives, has discussed vicissitude agent and the evolution tendency of the cooperative principle from the view of collective action’s, the principle’s core of cooperatives, in the end proposed the basic principle which farmer cooperatives in our country must follow.Chapter8:The arrangements of property rights of Chinese farmer cooperatives.This chapter briefly reviewed the analysis frame of the property right theory;analyzed the rationality and limited of traditional cooperatives in property right,discussed the farmer vicissitude of property right structure about farmer cooperatives; Discusses Farmer cooperatives’s characteristic of property right arrangement in our country.Chapter9:The movement mechanism of Chinese farmer cooperatives.This chapter take the farmer cooperatives’s operation pattern as the object of study, mainly discussed the different pattern’s connotation, the system characteristic, the economical achievements and the intrinsic evolved relations, analyzed rule of operation pattern’s changing from the development dynamic angle, and based on this, proposed he countermeasure suggestion about choosing and cultivating the farmer cooperatives operation patternt..Chapter10:Mechanism of internal government of Chinese farmer cooperatives.Based on the administer theory,phenomena of imperfect internal administering mechanism and inside control of farmer cooperatives in China are investigated,and establishment of the administering mechanism of farmer cooperative in China through regulated system construction,common sense cultivation and governance structure perfection is put forward with empirical analysis and illustrations. Chapterll:Circumstances of Chinese farmer cooperativesThis chapter mainly discusses the government’s support policy,stakeholders,legislation and market of production factors in rural areas.Chapter12:Strategic choice of Chinese farmer cooperatives development based on SWOT methodThis paper use the SWOT method to analyses the internal and external factors systematic which affect the development of the farmer cooperatives. On the basis of strategic analysis, this paper summarized the strategic choice of the future development for farmers and provided decision-making to help the farmer cooperative keeping sustainable competitiveness.

　　【Key words】 China； FarmersCooperatives； Cooperatives； institution； property rights； operation mechanism； governance structure； strategic analysis；