【摘要】 农民专业合作社在我国蓬勃发展,是增加农民收入,带领农民致富的重要途径。国家通过财政支持、税收优惠和金融、科技、人才的扶持以及产业政策引导等措施,促进农民专业合作社的发展。但是在资金缺乏成为农民专业合作社发展重要制约因素。农民专业合作社向正规金融机构融资是解决资金缺乏的重要渠道。本文从正规金融的视角,研究正规金融支持农民专业合作社的必要性和可能性,进一步就正规金融支持农民专业合作社融资的核心问题之一——担保模式进行了归纳和评价,以期对正规金融进入农村金融市场的途径提供理论依据,并促进农民专业合作社融资问题的解决。本文第1章对农民专业合作社融资的基础理论进行了论述。首先对正规金融和农民专业合作社进行了界定,接着论述了合作社的原则,融资的一些概念和农民专业合作社的融资理论。第2章就正规金融支持农民专业合作社融资的必要性,从农民专业合作社发展存在巨大资金缺口,合作社的运营原则和农民收入水平低下导致的合作社自我积累能力弱,政府对合作社的财政补贴惠及的范围小、补贴的数量少,非正规金融由于利率高和不合法无法成为合作社融资的主要渠道四个方面进行分析。得出结论,正规金融支持农民专业合作社融资是必要的。第3章先是罗列历年来国家颁布的一系列政策法规中涉及金融支持农民专业合作社的内容,表明国家对合作社发展的重视。然后从正规金融的盈利动力、政策压力和面对涉农产业快速发展的机遇,合作社适合作为正规金融的适宜载体和合作社自身的发展和规范几个方面来论述,得出结论：正规金融与农民专业合作社存在合作可能性。第4章是本文的重点。这一章首先阐述了信用风险是正规金融支持农民专业合作社融资的主要障碍。同时,农民专业合作社又缺乏有效地资产进行抵押,所以,担保难是合作社融资难的一个非常重要的因素。本章对借助担保模式创新解决合作社融资困境进行了探索。本文的主要创新之处在于：第一,从正规金融的视角,对农民专业合作社融资问题进行了论述,得出正规金融支持农民专业合作社融资,既是必要的,也是可行的结论。第二,归纳了七种降低正规金融支持农民专业合作社融资风险的担保模式创新,从模式参与的主体、不同主体承担的风险、担保形式、政府的作用等方面全面探讨了不同模式的特点,依次为依据讨论了不同模式的适用性。得出结论：政府提供担保金模式和“银保”协作模式适用于在财政实力强,经济发达且农业占地区产值比重较小的地区；政府推动组建信用担保公司模式适用于地方财力不强,农业占比很大的典型的农业地区；合作社为社员担保模式和联保小组贷款模式适用于正规且声誉良好的农民专业合作社；龙头企业为农民专业合作社提供担保模式适用于与龙头企业关系紧密的合作社；股权信贷模式适用于集生产、购销、信用合作为一体,联合紧密的合作社。

　　【关键词】 正规金融； 农民专业合作社； 担保模式；

　　【Abstract】 The farmers’professional cooperatives are developing vigorously in China. It is an important way to increase farmers’income and lead the peasants to get rich. Our government is trying to promote the development of the farmers’professional cooperatives through financial support, tax incentives and financial, technology, personnel support and policy guidance for industries and so on. But lack of funding becomes an important constraint to the development of the farmers’professional cooperatives. It is a very important channel for the farmers’professional cooperatives to finance from the formal financial institutes. The thesis tries to make research on the necessity and possibility of the financing support for the farmers’professional cooperatives from the perspective of formal finance, and furthermore summarizes and evaluates the guarantee modes which is one of the core issues, hoping that the thesis will provide a theoretical basis to the formal financial access to rural financial markets, and promote the farmers’professional cooperatives’financing solution.Chapter 1 is about the basic theory on the financing of the farmers’professional cooperatives. First, the formal financial institutes and the farmers’professional cooperatives have been defined, and then the thesis discusses the principles of cooperatives, some concepts on financing and theories of the farmers’professional cooperatives in financing. Chapter 2 analyzes the necessity of the formal financial support to the farmers’professional cooperatives from four aspects:the huge funding gap for development; the weakness of self-accumulation which is led by the operating principles of cooperatives and the farmers’low income; the difficulty to obtain substantial financial subsidies which are small coverage and small amount; informal financial cooperatives can’t become the main channel for financing because of high interest rates and illegal loan,and concludes that it is necessary for the formal financial institutes to give financing support to the farmers’professional cooperatives. Chapter 3 first lists a series of policies and regulations relating to financial support for the farmers’professional cooperatives issued by the State over the years, indicating the importance of the farmers’professional cooperatives. And then discusses the question from several aspects:the motivation of profit, official pressures and the opportunity of the rapid development of agriculture-related industries; the farmers’ professional cooperatives are suitable carrier for formal financial institutes; the development and standardization of the farmers’professional cooperatives. And finally the conclusion is:the co-operation between formal financial institutes and the farmers’professional cooperatives is possible. Chapter 4 is the focus of the thesis. Credit risk is the major obstacle of formal financial support to the farmers’ professional cooperatives. At the same time, the farmers’professional cooperatives lack effective mortgage assets. So the difficulty to guarantee becomes a very important factor. This chapter explores seven innovative guarantee modes to solve the financing difficulties of the farmers’professional cooperatives.The main innovations of this thesis are:first, the thesis discusses the financing problem of the farmers’professional cooperatives from the formal financial perspective, and comes to a conclusion that it is necessary as well as possible for the formal financial institutes to give support to the farmers’professional cooperatives; second, the thesis sums up seven types of guarantee modes which would lower financing risks of formal financial support to the farmers’professional cooperatives. The thesis explores the characteristics of different modes so fully from the aspects of the main participations, the risk of different subjects, forms of guarantee, the government’s role and so on. Based on the exploration above, the thesis discusses the applicability of different modes. At the end, the thesis tries to give the applicable situation of each mode:the government offering guarantee payment mode and the banks and insurance collaboration mode are applicable to the areas where the financial strength is strong, the economy is developed, and agricultural output value accounts for a smaller proportion; the government to promote the formation of credit guarantee company mode is not applicable to strong local financial resources, it is applicable the areas where agriculture accounts for most of the GDP, such as some typical agricultural areas; cooperative guarantee mode for the members and group lending modes are suitable for the formal farmers’professional cooperatives of good reputation; leading enterprises to provide guarantee for the farmers’professional cooperatives mode applies to the farmers’professional cooperatives which have much to do with the leading enterprises; equity credit mode is suitable for the farmers’ professional cooperatives that are in close co-operative joint and concentrate production, purchasing, credit as a whole.

　　【Key words】 formal financial institutes； farmers’professional cooperative； guarantee mode；