【摘要】 从20世纪80年代算起,我国农民专业合作经济组织已经走过了28年的发展历程,从最初只是进行简单技术交流和合作的“技术协会”、“研究会”发展到今天能够提供产加销综合服务的农民专业合作社,从整个国家对农民专业合作经济组织的怀疑和模糊认识到全国范围内发展农民专业合作经济组织的热潮,而这期间我国政府更是颁布了新中国成立以来第一部专门规范合作社发展的法律《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》,我国农民专业合作经济组织做出了丰富多彩的实践。回顾我国农民专业合作经济组织走过的历程,对比国际合作社的发展经验,可以发现,我国农民专业合作经济组织所处的社会经济条件与多数国家不同,也不同于国际合作社起步阶段的发展条件。论文从分析影响农户参与组建合作组织的因素入手,运用博弈理论分析了我国农户非合作的原理和现实原因,给出了破解农户非合作的有效路径,在对胶南市进行调研的基础上,论文分析了我国农民专业合作经济组织的产权制度特征、组织结构状况和利益分配格局,并运用新制度经济学对其做出了合理的解释。本文共由九章内容组成:第一章,导论。本章主要阐述了论文的研究背景,研究目的和研究意义,综述了国内外研究动态,确立了本文的研究思路和研究方法,总结了论文的可能创新之处以及论文研究的不足。第二章,国外合作社的实践与经验。本章主要介绍了美国农场主合作社、德国农业合作社和日本农业协同组合的发展经验,并对国外合作社生成的社会基础条件和运行机制的成功经验进行了总结。第三章,我国农民专业合作经济组织的发展现状。本章对我国农民专业合作经济组织的概念和内涵进行了界定,对我国农民专业合作经济组织总体发展状况进行了概括和总结,结合六个省的最新数据分析了我国农民专业合作经济组织的地区发展现状。第四章,农民专业合作经济组织生成的博弈分析。本章首先通过对胶南市393个农户的调查,运用二元因变量的Logistic回归分析模型对农户参与组建农民专业合作经济组织的影响因素进行分析发现,农户参与组建合作组织的意愿受到户主年龄、农户商品化程度、农户经营规模、从事农产品类型、是否存在销售困难、龙头企业带动及政府支持等因素影响。在此基础上运用合作博弈理论和智猪博弈模型,分析了我国农户非合作的原理和现实原因,探讨了促进农户合作的理性机制、效用转移机制和协商机制,最后给出了破解农户非合作的最佳路径和现实路径。第五章,农民专业合作经济组织生成模式选择。本章通过分析农民专业合作经济组织产业分布差异及其成因,以及区分合作优势与合作弱势产业,认为我国目前情况下,推动农民专业合作经济组织发展应首先从合作优势产业开始,注重发挥合作优势产业的示范效应和扩散效应。具体到区域生成战略,东部地区适宜“专业大户主体+龙头企业带动”的生成模式;中部地区应以大户带动型作为主要生成模式,涉农部门带动型作为重要的补充模式,形成“专业大户主体+涉农部门带动”的生成模式;西部地区应以政府扶持推动型和涉农部门带动型的生成模式为主。第六章,农民专业合作经济组织的组织机制。本章在分析胶南市农民专业合作经济组织实际调研数据的基础上,认为目前我国农民专业合作经济组织的产权制度方面存在以下问题:股份结构有着明显的分层和集中现象;成员异质性问题明显,有着明显的投资者会员和生产者会员、核心会员和非核心会员之分;公共积累产权界定不清等。形成这种状况的原因主要是生产大户稀缺、资本稀缺、管理人才稀缺和依赖政府资源等,很多普通社员意识稀缺资源的不可获得性,从而做出让步,基本认可核心成员拥有农民专业合作经济组织控制权和剩余索取权的产权结构。农民专业合作经济组织的组织结构方面存在以下问题:虽然制定了规范的章程,但实践中许多事项的执行情况不理想;“三会”的设立普遍存在不健全的现象,特别是成员大户和监事会普遍没有发挥职能;农民专业协会中村干部负责人的比例较高,农民专业合作社中种养殖大户负责人比例较高;决策上虽然基本实现了“一人一票”,但是大多是针对投资者会员的,其实本质上还是向按股投票倾斜,我国农民专业合作经济组织的存在着相当程度的内部人控制问题。最后构建了我国农民专业合作经济组织运行效果评价指标体系以规范其运行机制。第七章,农民专业合作经济组织的利益分配机制。本章在对胶南市农民专业合作经济组织实际调研的基础上,认为我国农民专业合作经济组织的利益分配有着如下特征:利益关联以契约关联方式为主;利润分配以股金分红为主;惠顾额返还具有多种内涵;公共积累没有量化到个人;政府扶持基金的界定模糊。形成这种状况的原因是多方面的,其中生产大户稀缺、资本稀缺和管理人才稀缺等所导致的产权结构是根本原因,这些拥有稀缺资源的关键要素拥有者必然通过种种措施来保障自己的利益,股金分红正是达成这一目标的最好选择,而对公共积累和政府扶持基金的模糊处理,也正是这些核心会员控制合作组织的稀缺资源,阻止其他社员参与分配的手段。第八章,农民专业合作经济组织的政府扶持。本章分析了政府扶持农民专业合作经济组织发展的理论依据,总结了国外政府扶持农民专业合作经济组织的普遍做法和我国政府的实践,在此基础上,对我国政府扶持农民专业合作经济组织提出了政策建议。第九章,结论与展望。本章是对全文的总结以及对我国农民专业合作经济组织发展的展望。

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作经济组织； 生成模式； 组织机制； 利益分配机制；

　　【Abstract】 From the time of the 1980s, Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations have developed for 28 years. Initially they were only the“technical association”or“study association”which exchanges simple technology, but now they become farmer specialized cooperatives which are able to provide the integrated services of production and processing and sales. In the past, all people had the suspicious attitude to farmer specialized cooperative organizations and didn’t understand the effect of farmer specialized cooperative organizations. Today, the development of farmer specialized cooperative organizations have upsurged in the whole country. During this process, Chinese Government promulgated the first law of regulating cooperatives since the founding of New China, it is farmer specialized cooperative organizations law of People’s Republic of China. The practice of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations is rich and colorful.Reviewing the development course of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations, comparing with the international experience, we can found that the socio-economic conditions of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations are different from the majority of other countries and also different from the initial development conditions of the international cooperative organizations. Based on the specific circumstances of china, the dissertation firstly analyzes the factors which influence the farmers’ desire to join in founding farmer specialized cooperative organizations, and then uses the game theory to analyzes the principle and the practical reasons of farmers’non-cooperation, discusses the three kinds of mechanisms which can promote the farmers to cooperate, and gives the effective solutions to solve the farmers’non-cooperation. By Jiaonan City investigation, the dissertation analyzes the characteristics of property rights and the situation of organizational structure and the situation pattern of interests distribution, then uses the new institutional economics to give its reasonable explanation.The framework of the dissertation is as follows:Chapter 1: General Introduction.This chapter firstly presents the research background, the purpose and significance of the dissertation, and then briefly summarizes and evaluates the dynamics of domestic and international research on the study of ideas. Finally, the chapter puts forward the methods and possible innovations.Chapter 2:The practice and experience of foreign cooperative organizations. This chapter introduces the development experience of American farmer cooperatives, German agricultural cooperatives and Japan agricultural cooperatives. On this basis, this chapter summrizes the socio-economic conditions of foreign farmer specialized cooperatives and the successful experience.Chapter 3: The development status quo of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations have developed.This chapter defines the conception and the connotation of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations, and summerizes the overall development situation of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations, and then analyzes the regional development status quo with the latest data of six provinces of China.Chapter 4: The game analysis of farmer specialized cooperative organizations’generating.This chapter firstly analyzes the factors which influence the farmers’ desire to join in founding farmer specialized cooperative organizations, and then uses the cooperative game theory and“Pigs’ Payoffs”model to analyzes the principle and the practical reasons of farmers’non-cooperation, discusses the three kinds of mechanisms which can promote the farmers to cooperate, and gives the effective solutions to solve the farmers’non-cooperation. Chapter 5: The generating patterns selection of farmer specialized cooperative organizations.This chapter summarizes the generating patterns of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations and the characteristics of different patterns and application conditions. In light of the industry distribution of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations as well as the regional socio-economic conditions, this chapter puts forward the overall generating strategy and the regional generating strategy of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations.Chapter 6: The organizational mechanism of farmer specialized cooperative organizations.By Jiaonan City investigation, this chapter analyzes the characteristics of property rights and the situation of organizational structure of farmer specialized cooperative organizations, uses the new institutional economics to give its reasonable explanation, then puts forward its improved recommendations. At last, this chapter builds the index system of running effect evaluation on farmer specialized cooperative organizations. Chapter 7: The interests distribution machanism of farmer specialized cooperative organizations.By Jiaonan City investigation, this chapter analyzes the situation pattern of interests distribution of farmer specialized cooperative organizations, uses the new institutional economics to give its reasonable explanation, then puts forward its improved recommendations.Chapter 8: The government support of farmer specialized cooperative organizations.This chapter analyzes the theoretical foundations for governments to support farmer specialized cooperative organizations, summarizes many foreign countries’ supports to farmer specialized cooperative organizations and the Chinese practice. On this basis, this chapter puts forward the relationed solutions and suggestions for Chinese government support.Chapter 9: A summary and outlook of Chinese farmer specialized cooperative organizations.The last chapter sums up the paper and holds further perspective to the prospect of the cooperative’s future development.

　　【Key words】 farmer specialized cooperative organizations； generating patterns； organizational machanism； interests distribution machanism；