【摘要】 中共十一届三中全会以来，中国农民主要依靠诱致性的制度变迁步入了全面建设小康生活的道路。但是由于改革的不配套，农业生产经营成本过高、农民收入水平有所下降、农产品流通不畅等问题仍然存在。“小农经济”和大市场的对接需要在组织模式上进行创新性探索。 综合现有的理论成果，本文给出了农民组织化的概念，认为它是组织主体依据一定的原则，采取不同方式将具有生产经营规模狭小、经营分散、经济实力较弱、科技水平滞后等传统职业特征的农民转变为有组织进入市场与社会，并且能够获得与其他阶层同等待遇的现代农民的过程。同时对农民组织化的内涵、特征进行了分析；并且找到了农民组织化的四个理论基础，即产业分工与协作理论、制度变迁理论、交易费用理论和行为科学理论，在此基础上又探索性地构建了评价中国农民组织化程度的指标体系。 建国以来，我国农民组织化经历了农民组织化的准备、农业合作化和农业双层经营制度建设与改革三个阶段。目前，在提高农民组织化程度方面出现了从观念创新到实践探索的双重效应。这种效应促进了农村经济乃至于整个国民经济社会的发展。但是也存在着许多问题。我国农民低组织化状态的存在和低向度的发展严重影响了我国农业经济的发展、农村经济结构战略性调整的进程，甚至也制约着整个国民经济的成长。 农民组织化作为农业现代化的一项重要内容，已经成为发达国家或发展中国家竭力推动的一项事业。发达国家和发展中国家在提高农民组织化程度方面体现出了一些共同特征。发达国家和发展中国家提高农民组织化程度的经验对我国有一定的启示意义。 尽管农民组织起来具备了一定的有利条件，但是也存在着一些影响农民组织化程度提高的障碍性因素。 农民组织起来的目的在于拓展生产经营空间、组织有效营运、协调成员间的决策、行为和运作方式，谋求更大的组织化利益。目前，我国农民组织化主要有“企业+农户”、“政府+农户”、“农村合作经济组织+农户”和“农村专业批发市场+农户”四种组织模式可供选择，并且有各自的实现途径。 结合国内外发展农村合作社的主要经验，并且结合我国国情，以农村合作社为载体提高中国农民组织化程度是现实的选择。在把农村合作社真正办成农民社员的合作经济组织的目标和合作社原则的指导下，加强合作社宣传教育与培训、推进组织模式创新、进一步完善农村合作社内部运行机制以及强化政府支持行为是促进我国实现农民组织化的重要途径。 农民组织化是伴随着经济发展和社会进步而不断变化的过程。在整个过程中，必须在尊重科学、尊重事实的前提下确定提高农民组织化程度的三个目标，包括实现农业整体竞争力的提升、实现农民收入持续稳定增长和实现城乡经济社会统筹发展。而强化组织是资源的观念，加大力度整合各类农村经济组织，加快经营模式和机制创新，大力培育和发展农产品流通组织，加快科教兴农步伐以及加快体制创新，强化政府宏观调控职 VIII能是提高我国农民组织化程度的主要政策取向。

　　【关键词】 市场农业； 农民组织化； 农村合作社； 政府职能；

　　【Abstract】 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee, Chinesepeasants have relied on inductive system changes to step into and build the road to the fairlycomfortable life in an all-round way mainly. But the one that because reformed did not form acomplete set, the operating cost of agricultural production is too high, peasant’s income leveldrops to some extent, such questions as agricultural products can not circulate smoothly stillexist. The butt joint of " small-scale peasant economy " and big market needs to carry oninnovative exploration in organizing the mode. Synthesizing the existing theory achievement, this text provides the concept, peasantsorganization, think that it organizes the subject according to certain principle, is it haveproduction scale to be narrow and small with way to take, is it disperse to manage, economicstrength weak, scientific and technological level person who lag behind traditional job peasant ofcharacteristic change into entering the market and society in a organized way, and can get coursewith modern peasants of the equal treatment of other strata . At the same time the intension,characteristic to peasant’s organization have been analyzed; And has found four theoreticalfoundations of peasants organization, namely the industry divides the work and cooperatestheory, system changes theory, trade expenses theory and behavioral science theory. And it isexplorative to take index system to structure that appraises the degree of Chinese peasantsorganization on this basis. Since the foundation of the state, of our country peasants’ organization has gone throughthree period of stage, which is the plan of peasants’organization, cooperative transformation ofagriculture, the improvement and reform with agricultural double layers manage institution. Atpresent, the double effect from concept innovation in thought to practical exploration hasappeared in improving the degree of peasants’organization. This kind of effect has promoted therural economy and even in the whole national economic and social development. But a lot ofquestions exist. Of our country peasant low organization take existence of state with low toinfluence of our country agricultural development of economy seriously to development ofdegree, the process of structure strategically readjustments of the rural economy, even isrestricting the growth of the whole national economy. The peasants’ organization has already become an undertaking that developed country ordeveloping countries have done one’s utmost to promote as an important content of agriculturalmodernization. Developed country and developing country embody some commoncharacteristics in improving the degree of peasants’organization. The experience X引言that developed country and developing country raise the degree of peasant organizationare sure enlightenment meanings to our country. Though peasants’ organization possesses certain advantage to stand up, it also hassome obstacle factor that influence raising the degree of peasants’ organization. The purpose that peasants organization lies in expanding production andmanagement space, organizing effective operation, coordinating the decision, behaviorand operation way among members, seek greater organization interests. At present,peasants organization of our country mainly has " enterprises + peasant household ", "government + peasant household ", " the rural cooperative economic organization +peasant household " and " the rural professional wholesale market + peasant household ",four kinds of tissue modes, are available, and have one’s own realization ways. Combine the main experience of developing the rural cooperative both at home andabroad, and combine the national conditions of our country, it is a realistic choice toregard rural cooperative as carriers and improve the degree of Chinese peasantsorganization. It is important way to

　　【Key words】 Market agriculture； Peasants’organization； Rural cooperation； Government’s function；