【摘要】 中国农业发展正处在一个关键的时期,就是如何使一个庞大的弱势群体步入竞争激烈、风险四伏的广大市场。并使他们在市场中不断强大起来,最终使国民经济走向全面、协调、可持续发展的轨道。要达到这一目的,只能是把农民组织起来,在组织化的框架下运作一些有效的良方,才可能使中国农业发展摆脱目前的困境。就农民专业合作经济组织的成长与发展问题,我们主要做了以下工作:首先提出了需要研究的问题及其意义,分析了研究问题的背景。通过追溯农民专业合作经济组织成长的历史沿革以把握农民专业合作经济组织成长的连续过程,并从中发现影响其成长的各类因素,然后建立数学模型。接着,概要总结了我国目前流行的农民专业合作经济组织主要模式。通过分析基本模式“公司+农户”的特点与缺陷,着重推出了对基本模式改善的补充模型,并分析了改善模型对农民专业合作经济组织成长的推动。在研空中,通过对农民专业合作经济组织中的生产方式和农产品交易方式的描述和总结,解决农民专业合作经济组织成长中的生产管理和交易方式问题。通过实证的方法,对农业大户与农业大户中的农民专业合作经济组织成员进行了多方面的比较分析。通过对农民专业合作经济组织的技术传播特点、渠道和效果的探讨,归纳出农民专业合作经济组织技术传播的一般规律。同时,我们对农民专业合作经济组织成长的效率进行了初步评估。以农业劳动生产率为评估指标,在纵向的历史动态中,考察了不同时期农民专业合作经济组织成长的效率。对我国农业劳动生产率增长的阶段及增长的路径和方式进行了总结。最后从政府职能模式和政府职能出发,着重研究了《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》对农民专业合作经济组织成长的作用与意义,以及政府对农民专业合作组织经济成长促进的一般方法。并专门研究了政府农村健康政策的作用。特别讨论了政府利用农村非正式组织的正面作用,对农民专业合作组织经济成长的促进。

　　【关键词】 农民； 合作经济组织； 交易方式； 技术传播； 组织效率；

　　【Abstract】 In China, agriculture, farmers and villages are stabilizing foundation for the society. For thousands of years, the issue of farmers has been essential for the ups and downs of kingdoms and dynasties. Whether farmers could live a happy life or not determines the destiny of a dynasty. Farmers’support determines the rising of a regime and the success of its policies. However, this ancient industry based on a huge population of farmers now faces unclear future and confronts with low efficiency in comparison with new industries. The“issues of villages, farmers and agriculture”have been a great concern in building a relatively well-off society in an all-round way in China, and thus aroused a lot of heated discussion and attention from all sectors.China’s agricultural development is now at a key phase. It is of critical importance as to how to lead a huge disadvantaged population into the highly-competitive and highly-risky market, help them become stronger, raise their income, narrow down the income gap between farmers and city dwellers and finally get our national economy onto the track of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. To achieve this goal, at the current stage, we can only organize the farmers and take effective measures under the organizational framework. Only in this way can we lead agriculture out of the difficult situation. This is the central issue to be studied in this dissertation.Exploiting cooperation theory, neo-institutional economics and other related theories, this dissertation traces the history and development of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy, analyzes the conditions for the growth of this organization, summarizes the major forms of it in current China, illustrates the behavior patterns of farmers and transactions modes of agricultural products in this organization, describes the features of technology popularization and advantages of organizational growth in the organization, discusses the efficiency of its development by comparison, and studies the government policy behavior in the development of the organization. The author tries to discover the rules of growth of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy at a horizontal level, and provide theoretical guidance and policy rational for the development of this organization. The research framework is as follows:Chapter 1 raises the question to be studied, discusses its significance, analyzes the background of this issue, presents the main content of this research and research methods, and briefly summarizes the creativity and inventions in this research.Chapter 2 defines key concepts and discusses relevant theories. It prescribes the terms used in this dissertation, designates the logical starting point, constructs the theoretical platform, and thus builds up the foundation and premises for the research.Chapter 3 is about the conditions for the growth and development of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy. It traces the history and development of this organization, discovers various factors that have significant impact on its growth, and then builds up a mathematic model to carry out theoretical testing of these factors.Chapter 4 summarizes the major modes of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy that are popular in our country. By analyzing the pros and cons of the basic model—firm plus country household, this dissertation puts forward a complementary model for its improvement and analyzes the accelerating effect of such improvement to the development of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy.Chapter 5 illustrates the behavior patterns of farmers and transaction modes of agricultural products in this organization. By such illustration and description, it attempts to solve the problems of production management and transaction modes of this organization and to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of the internal management efficiency of this organization.Chapter 6 is about households with high agricultural income and the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy. This dissertation uses positivist methods, and carries out comparative studies between those households and the members of the organization from all angles.Chapter 7 studies the technology popularization of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy. It explores the features, channels and effect of its technology popularization, and summarizes the general rules of technology popularization for this organization.Chapter 8 evaluates the efficiency of the development of the organization of the farmers’specialized cooperative economy. It takes the agricultural productivity as the evaluating index, examines the development efficiency of such organizations in different periods of history and summarizes the different phases of growth of agricultural productivity in our country and its growth path and modes.Chapter 9 studies the government behavior in promoting the development of the organization of the farmers’specialized cooperative economy. It starts with the government duties and behavior patterns, pays special attention to the role of“Law of Farmers’Specialized Cooperation Agency of the People’s Republic of China”in the growth of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy, and discusses measures governments usually take to promote the growth of the organization, especially countryside health policies. In particular, this chapter points out that governments have taken advantage of the positive effect of informal organizations in the countryside to promote the development of the organization of farmers’specialized cooperative economy.Chapter 10 is conclusion and vision. It gives a bird’s view of the whole research, summarizes the dissertation in a broader context and envisions the prospect of the organization of the farmers’specialized cooperative economy.

　　【Key words】 Farmers； Organization of cooperative economy； Hubei Province；