【摘要】 本文以我国农民专业合作经济组织为研究对象,将农民专业合作经济组织系统管理纳入社会主义新农村建设的大背景中,从组织自身和农户两个角度入手,针对农民专业合作经济组织存在的问题,对其发展进行深入系统的分析和实证研究。以突破国际合作制基本原则,克服合作组织的资本、效率和竞争先天不足的局限性,最终达到系统内外各个要素功能的优化,整个系统良性互动的目的。以期为我国农民专业合作经济组织的建设提供借鉴。这些对于把握我国农民专业合作经济组织发展的基本方向和路径,制定相关政策具有十分重要的现实意义。本文主要研究内容和创新之处如下:(1)对农民专业合作经济组织构建的理论基础进行了系统的梳理。包括农民专业合作经济组织的基本理论,制度变迁理论、交易费用理论、公共选择理论、系统管理理论、平衡计分法的理论支持。(2)对国内外经济组织发展变革模式进行了比较研究。总结了国外农民专业合作组织的发展特点及经验;比较德国、美国、日本农民合作组织的发展及对我国借鉴;分析了我国农民专业合作组织发展历程与现状。提出不同发展阶段,农民专业合作经济组织系统要素的功能变化特征不同,农民选择合作的路径不同,合作组织的发展方向也不同。农民专业合作经济组织的发展是不会以某个群体或某个人的意志而发生制度变迁的。(3)农民专业合作经济组织系统要素的合理配置。运用系统论的观点,将农民专业合作经济组织作为一个准企业化管理系统,进而对其系统环境和系统内部功能进行分析。从组织自身和农户两个角度入手,针对农民专业合作经济组织系统存在的问题,对其发展进行深入系统的分析和实证研究。首先从农户(社员和非社员)参与合作的意愿和行为出发,通过分析其影响因素,进而揭示我国农民专业合作经济组织结构与管理创新的路径选择;其次从农民专业合作经济组织自身发展需求出发,分析了农民专业合作经济组织生存与发展的限制因子。(4)提出“依据区域农村发展的特点,探索具有中国特色的农民合作组织发展路径,营造集经济、教育和社会性为一体的中国农民合作文化,尊重农民的意愿与选择,走政府推动和农民自发相结合的发展道路”的观点。(5)就我国农民专业合作经济组织发展与管理创新,提出了新的组织管理结构设想,以突破国际合作社基本原则,实现社员收益和资本收益的最大化。取向强调发展和承认个人能力差别的原则,由个人能力差别决定其在合作组织中的地位。为政府相关部门建立合作组织的新制度提供了参考依据。

　　【关键词】 农民； 专业合作经济组织； 系统管理； 制度； 管理创新；

　　【Abstract】 This article takes farmer specialized cooperative economy organization (FSCEO) of our country as the object of study, integrating the FSCEO systematic management into the big socialist background of the new rural reconstruction; analyzing the two angles both the organization itself and farmer household, viewing the problem of FSCEO, carrying on a deeper and systematic study to its development and the real diagnosis research. Breaking through the classical principle of international cooperation system and overcoming the limitation that the cooperative organization’s capital, efficiency and competition are congenitally deficient; finally it achieves the system functional optimization for each essential factor inside and outside it, and then comes to the aim of benignant interaction. This can provide the model to our country’s FSCEO construction. These considerations grasp the basic direction and the way that FSCEO develops in our country. And the formulation correlation policy has the extremely vital and practical significance. The main research content and the innovation points of this article are as follows:(1)The theoretical basis which constructed to the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization was analyzed systematically. This Includes the theory of farmer specialized cooperative economy organization’s elementary, of system vicissitude, of transaction expense, of public choice , of system management, and of balance scoring method theory.(2)Conducting the comparison research to the domestic and foreign economic organizations in the transformation pattern. It summarizes the overseas farmer specialized cooperative organization’s development feature and the experience. It makes a comparison between German, American, and the Japanese farmer cooperative organization’s development and profits with our s. This article analyzes the development course and the present situation of the farmer specialized cooperative organization in our country. It also proposed the different development phase, the essential elements of a system function is different, the way of cooperation to be different, and cooperative organization’s development direction is also different. The development of the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization cannot change in system only according to the will of any particular individual or organization or any community.(3)Making a reasonable disposition on essential elements of a system on farmer specialized cooperative economy organization. Using the viewpoint of system theory , the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization takes an accurate commercialization management system, then carries on the analysis to its system environment and the system interior function. From the two angles of organization itself and the farmer households, in view of the existing problem of the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization system, this article carries on the thorough analysis and the real diagnosis research. Firstly, members and non-members from the wish and the behavior embarks of the farmer households’participation in the cooperation, through analyzing its influence factor, then promulgates our country’s farmer specialized cooperative economy organizational structure and the choice of innovation way of management; Then organize our own development demand from the farmer specialized cooperative economy to embark, and then it makes an analysis on the limit factors in the survival and development of the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization.(4)Proposing the viewpoint to“in terms of regional development of characteristics of countryside development, to explore the development of Chinese characteristic farmer cooperative organization, build a Chinese farmer cooperation culture which combines collective economy, education and sociality as a body; respect the farmer’s own wish and choice, walks the development path which the government impetus and the farmer spontaneous unify”(5) In view of the development and the management innovation on our country Farmer Specialized Cooperative economy Organization, this article has proposed the new structure on organization and management, breaks through basic principle of the international cooperative society, realizes the maximization member of society’s income and capital income. Accepting the principle of emphasizing development and acknowledging individual ability difference, the cooperative organization status ought to be decided by individual ability difference. This provides the correlation department reference of establishing the new system arrangement of the cooperative organization for the government.

　　【Key words】 Farmer； SCEOS； Systematic Management； Rules； Management Innovation；