【摘要】 合作社作为一种早已存在的社会生产组织形式,其性质不同于一般企业,具体表现在合作社的目标主要体现在社会公平与公正,当然,在社会主义市场经济体制下,公平与效率也是合作社所追求的目标之一。合作社的上述特征使得政府介入合作社显得十分必要。参考国外农业合作社的实践经验,政府在合作社的发展建设过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。目前我国农村地区解决“三农”问题遇到了瓶颈,解决农业发展过程中的一系列问题寄希望于农民专业合作社的不断建设和发展。本文在阅读分析大量国内外文献的基础上,对国内外的农民专业合作社组织经验、组织制度、组织模式、组织结构进行了归纳梳理；立足实地调研,分析了青州农民专业合作社产生的原因,研究其发展的曲折过程；找出发展农民专业合作社的难点和存在问题,探讨在现有农业发展水平和社会经济条件下,发展农民合作社的途径和方式；最后对政府如何扶持发展农民专业合作社提出了政策性建议。本文的主要结论如下：(1)全面梳理合作社相关理论基础：着重从经济学视角对农民合作社存在的必要性进行分析论证,分析视角新颖。(2)全面分析青州市农民专业合作社发展状况：青州市农民专业合作社可以分为三个发展历程；发挥了提高农业产业化经营水平、提升了农产品质量档次、推动了农业产业结构的战略型调整、确保增加了农民收入持续增长四个主要作用；具有产业形态多样性、组建主体多元性、组织结构层次性、运行机制科学性、盈余返还合理性五个特点。(3)在案例研究和实地调研的基础上,总结了青州市农民专业合作社发展的做法和经验：青州市农民专业合作社强调内部结构的4个方面的创新性,揭示了青州市农民专业合作社创新性的两个动因：一是为了提高市场竞争力的需要；二是政府政策导向的结果。(4)在实地调研的基础上,深入分析了青州市农民专业合作社发展过程中出现的问题及问题背后的原因。高度概括和总结了4个方面的问题,并分析了产生问题的原因。(5)通过对青州市农民专业合作社存在问题的探讨和思考,系统梳理和借鉴北美、日本、荷兰等农民专业合作社发达国家的先进经验,提出加快发展青州农民专业合作社的对策建议：是围绕特色主导产业组建合作社,不断扩大合作社的覆盖面；二是加大政策扶持力度,不断改善合作社发展环境；三是加强内部制度建设,不断提高合作社规范化水平；四是注重创建品牌,不断增强合作社的竞争能力：五是强化服务功能,不断增强合作社的吸引力；六是组建农业产业协会,促进产业联合。

　　【关键词】 农民； 合作社； 青州； 对策；

　　【Abstract】 Cooperatives as a form of organization, is different from the general business.lt’s purpose includes a large degree of social equity and justice goals and pursuit of fairness and efficiency at the same time. As a result of this anti-market system, government intervention became a necessary. From abroad, the practice of agricultural cooperatives, the Governments in the course of theirs developments have played a significant role in promoting. China’s agricultural development organizations have encountered the problem of low degree of farmers professional establishment and development of cooperatives is to increase the degree of peasant organizations in an important way.This paper analyzes the causes of the professional farmers cooperatives of Qingzhou, studies the twists,and identifies the professional development of rural cooperatives in the difficulties and problems, explores the existing level of agricultural development and socio-economic conditions, and the development of rural cooperative ways and means and how the Government will support the professional development of rural co-operatives made policy recommendations.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) This paper comprehensively reviews the theoretical basis for cooperative grooming:focus on the farmers from an economic perspective.(2) The paper analyzes the progress of the farmers cooperatives of Qingzhou:the developments of farmers co-operatives of Qingzhou can be divided into three professional development process; and played to raise the level of industrialization of agriculture; enhanced the quality of agricultural products, promoted strategic agricultural structure adjustment to ensure that the increase in the income of the farmers in four major role in the continued growth; with morphological diversity of industries, the formation of the main diversity, the level of the organizational structure and operational mechanism of science, the surplus of the five characteristics of a reasonable return.(3)Based on the case studies and field research,the paper concluded the farmers cooperative development of professional practice and experience of Qingzhou:The farmer specialized cooperatives of Qingzhou emphasizes four aspects of the internal structure of innovative,with revealing the two innovative motivation of the farmer specialized cooperatives:First, in order to enhance the market competitiveness of needs; Second, the government policy-oriented results.(4) Based on the field research, the paper analyzed the problems of the farmer specialized cooperatives and the reasons behind the problems. Highly condensing and summing up the four issues, and analyzing the causes of the problems. (5) This paper sorted out and learned from North America, Japan, the Netherlands, the professional farmer cooperatives advanced experience of developed countries.and put forward countermeasures and proposals for the development of professional farmers cooperatives of Qingzhou.learning from advanced international experience.

　　【Key words】 Farmers； Co-operatives； Qingzhou； Countermeasures；