【摘要】 农民专业合作社是在农村家庭联产承包经营的基础上,同类农产品的生产经营者或者同类农业生产经营服务的提供者、利用者,自愿联合、民主管理的互助性经济组织。它以服务成员、谋求全体成员的共同利益为宗旨,为全体成员提供农业生产资料的购买、农产品的销售、加工、运输、贮藏以及与农业生产经营有关的技术、信息等服务。农民专业合作社是提高市场竞争力、增加农民收入的载体,是实现规模经营、发展现代农业的重要平台,是创新农村金融、增加农村投入的重要阵地。20世纪80年代中期以来,农民专业合作社在中国农村大地上悄然兴起,并迅速发展起来。农民专业合作社的发展在推动农业产业化经营、保障农产品质量安全、加快农村现代化进程等方面发挥了积极作用,所以这种农村合作经济形式一经出现,政府立即给予大力支持和引导。特别是《农民专业合作社法》颁布实施后,政府更是加大政策支持力度,相继出台财政、税收、金融优惠政策,极大地促进了农民专业合作社的发展。本文通过对长期以来我国支持农民专业合作社发展的具体措施、效果及存在的问题进行研究,提出当前农民专业合作社发展的优化建议,为农民专业合作社发展起到一定的指导作用。中外对农民专业合作社发展的著述有很多,但专门从公共政策视角进行研究的却不多,这篇论文力图从公共政策角度研究农民专业合作社,创新研究视角,拓展公共政策研究领域,梳理我国农民专业合作社的公共政策的措施及成效,这也是本文可能的创新之处。文章主要从四个部分进行分析研究,第一部分主要介绍研究问题涉及的概念及理论,如合作经济、农民专业合作社,并对政府为什么要对农民专业合作社进行政策支持予以分析,是正文部分的理论基础。第二部分介绍了国内外农民专业合作社发展历史及现状,重点介绍政府在发展农民专业合作社方面的做法,从而使读者对农民专业合作社的现状及政策有一个全景式的认识,为以下章节分析研究信阳市农民专业合作社发展情况及提出优化建议做好铺垫。第三部分介绍信阳市农民专业合作社发展中的问题,主要从基本类型与运作模式、功能表达与组织结构、文化环境与法律环境、政府行为与政策支持等方面进行阐述。第四部分介绍了对农民专业合作社相关政策的优化建议,应该说这是这篇论文的落脚点,也是本文的目的所在。

　　【关键词】 农民； 专业合作社； 公共政策； 分析研究； 建议；

　　【Abstract】 On the basis of rural household contract management, farmer specialty cooperatives are producers and operators of the similar agricultural products, or providers and users of similar agricultural production and operation. It serves for members and seeks common interests of all members, providing agricultural production purchase, processing, transportation, storage and related technology, information and other services.Farmer specialty cooperatives are carriers of improving market competitiveness and increasing farmers’ income, important platforms for the realization of scale operation and development of modern agriculture, important base for innovation of rural finance and increase of rural input. Since the middle of 1980s, farmer specialty cooperatives arisen quietly and develop rapidly. Its development plays an important role in promoting the industrialized operation of agriculture, guaranteeing the quality and safety of agricultural products and speeding up the rural modernization. As soon as it exits, government immediately gives support and guidance. Especially after carrying out the law on farmer specialty cooperatives, the government is strengthening policy support, issued fiscal, taxation, banking, and preferential policies, to greatly promote the development of farmer specialty cooperatives.Based on the continuious research about the specific measures, results,and problems for the development of the farmer specialty cooperatives in China, this article makes Optimization proposal On the development of the farmer specialty cooperatives, and plays some certain guiding role.There are so many specilal works and journals from overseas about the development of the farmerspecialty cooperatives, however, few of which do the research from the perspective of public policy.This essay tries to make some research on the farmer specialty cooperatives from the perspective of public policy, innovates the research perspective, expands the field of public policy Research,and make arrangement about our public policy on the measures and its function from the farmer specialty cooperatives, which is also the innovation from this article.This article mainly analyzed from four parts.The first part mainly introduces the concept and theories involved in the research, such as economic cooperation, farmer specialty cooperatives, and the reason why the government support farmer specialty cooperatives.This chapter is a main part of theoretical basis.The second part introduces development history and present situation of farmer specialty cooperatives, introduced what the government had done in this field, so the readers can have an overall recognition of farmer specialty cooperatives, which can also follow shadow the development and suggestion in the following parts. The third part introduces the problems existing in the development of farmer specialty cooperatives, which mainly elaborates from the following aspects:developing basic types and operation mode, function expression and organization structure, cultural environment and legal environment, government behavior and policy support and so on. The fourth part introduces relevant policy suggestions on how to optimize farmer specialty cooperatives, which is the foothold and purpose of this article.

　　【Key words】 farmer； farmer specialty cooperative； public policy； analytic research； suggestion；