【摘要】 二十世纪80 年代初,席卷全国农村的家庭联产承包责任制的改革引发了农村社会急剧的组织变迁,农村经济组织的形态及农民的生活方式也发生了重大的变化,农民专业合作组织是顺应我国市场经济改革大潮而产生一种新型的农民合作经济组织。发展农民专业合作组织既是农业经济发展的内在要求,也是农村社会发展的必然选择。农民专业合作组织是一种高度异质性的组织制度,它既是一种经济组织,也是一种社区组织,还是一种政治组织。论文基于一个囊括多种环境因素的市场-社会-政府三元分析框架,系统论证了农民专业合作组织的交易协调机制、自主治理机制、利益集团机制的存在缘由、效率边界和功能状态。农民专业合作组织交易协调机制具有市场机制和企业机制双重优势,可以有效地节约外生交易费用和内生交易费用。如何降低由于非竞争性因素而导致较高的农产品交易费用,提高农产品交易利润率,是从事农产品交易的农民专业合作组织制度选择的关键。自主治理机制对农民专业合作组织的发展有着特别重要的意义,它既是农民专业合作组织保障农民共同利益的前提条件,也是农民专业合作组织整体良性成长的重要标志。由于先天后天各种社会因素的影响,我国农民专业合作组织的自主治理程度在当前仍然呈现出比较薄弱的状态,需要政府的干预和市场的介入。农民专业合作组织不同于一般的经济组织,它的制度安排常常处在市场机制失灵的边缘,它对政府的扶持具有某种天然的依附性,由于我国农民专业合作组织仍然处于发展的初级阶段,政府对农民专业合作组织发展拥有绝对的主导作用,而农民专业合作组织影响政府公共决策的能力非常有限。论文剖析了农民专业合作组织交易协调机制、自主治理机制、利益集团机制的嵌入性,从而进一步说明了农民专业合作组织生发机制的复杂性、多样性和过渡性。论文旨在完整地描述我国农民专业合作组织的生发机制,探讨我国农民专业合作组织产生和发展的客观规律,以期对把握我国农民专业合作组织的演进方向和制定有关的政策提供理论指导。

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作组织； 生发机制； 交易协调机制； 自主治理机制； 利益集团机制；

　　【Abstract】 At the beginning of the eighties of the 20th century, the reform of the family-contract responsibility system had sweeped across the national countryside, to cause the rural society’s organization, the rural economic organization and peasants’ life style have changed greatly. The peasant’s specialized cooperative compling with of our country market economic reform is a new-type peasant cooperative economic organization. To develop peasant’s specialized cooperative is an inherent demand for agricultural economic development, and an inevitable choice of the rural social development too. Peasant’s specialized cooperative is a kind of height heterogeneity organization, it is a kind of economic organization, a kind of community organization too, a kind of political organization. Analysing by the frame at the market -the society -the government three factors, thesis regards external system environment of peasant’s specialized cooperative as endogenous variable. Thesis proposes peasant’s specialized cooperative grow mechanism including transaction coordinate the mechanism, control the mechanism and interest group mechanism independently. The trade coordinates mechanism is the result that an environmental factor of the market changes, and the independent government mechanism is the result that the social environmental factor changes, while the interest group mechanism is the result that an environmental factor of the system changes. These three kinds of tissue mechanisms are not close, but open, the relation of imbedding each other exists between them. Because no-competitiveness factors in the marketing of agricultural products, those factors reduced the market efficiency that agricultural products trade greatly, causeing the marketing of agricultural products to be costly and the profit rate is low. Peasant’s specialized cooperative trade coordinates mechanism to imbed between market’s mechanism and enterprise’s mechanism, it has the double advantage of market’s mechanism and enterprise’s mechanism, and it can economize external trade expenses and endogenous trade expenses effectively. Independent government mechanism has very important meaning to development of peasant’s speciality cooperative independently; it is precondition that peasant’s specialized cooperative realizes peasant’s common interests, and it is important sign of that peasant’s specialized cooperative grows up. Because of congenital acquired of different social factors influence, our country peasant’s specialized cooperative ’s independent government mechanism is still at weak state, need the government’s intervention and involvement of the market. Peasant’s specialized cooperative is different from the general economic organization, it is often in the edge where the market mechanism does not work, it has a certain natural depending on to the government’s support, because the peasant’s specialized cooperative of our country is still at primary stage of development, the government has absolute leading roles to peasant’s specialized development of cooperative, and it is very limited that peasant’s specialized cooperative influences the ability of government’s public decision. The thesis aims at describing and analyzing the mechanism of growing of peasant’s specialized cooperative completely, perhaps this offers the guidance in theory to basic orientation and formulation devlopment policies of peasant’s specialized cooperative of our country by this research.

　　【Key words】 Peasant’s specialized cooperative； The growing mechanism； Transaction coordinate mechanism； Independent government mechanism； Interest group mechanism；