【摘要】 目前,我国农村经济正发展成为多种经济成分并存的格局。实行统分结合的双层经营承包制的广大农户,村办、乡(镇)办企业及大量的经济联合体和合作经济组织等是农村经济的主体。这些农户和经济组织要发展生产,扩大经营,就需要资金支持,需要金融服务,而这些分散的、零星的小商品生产者和农村集体经济组织,要得到国家银行的支持是很困难的。它们要进入经济发达的大市场,要抵御它们因自身规模小而可能出现的高风险,增强自身在大市场中的竞争力,就需要通过合作这种形式,特别是通过信用合作,获得资金的支持。因此,要发展农业和农村经济,实现农村经济小康发展目标,必须进行农村金融体制改革,建立和完善以合作金融为基础,商业性金融、政策性金融分工协作的农村金融体系。但是,作为正式制度安排的农村合作金融组织—农村信用合作社(这也是本论文研究的主要对象)经过50 多年的发展,现行制度形式难以满足农村经济发展的需要。而且,在行政主导型农村合作金融发展模式下,反映这种经济形式本质特征的“三性”原则—组织上的群众性、管理上的民主性、经营上的灵活性,以及服务于农村、农业、农民的根本宗旨,事实上是贯彻不力的。基于这种情况,在农村经济和金融理论界,出现了要求变革农村合作金融制度安排、进行制度创新的强烈呼声。也有人以现行制度安排的种种弊端为根据,竭力否定合作制原则,使农村合作金融的生存和发展面临着极大的挑战。本论文运用产权经济学和新制度经济学理论,从合作金融的基本原则出发,对农村合作金融存在的客观基础,农村合作金融的发展历程、现实困境及制度缺陷进行了分析,借鉴国外农村合作金融演进的成功经验,进一步探索和分析了中国农村经济主体对金融服务的需求,以及农村合作金融现实供给中存在的矛盾及异化原因,结合我国农村信用合作社产权制度的特点,提出进行农村合作金融产权制度、组织体系、经营方式、管理体制和外部环境改革创新的路径及相应的对策建议。本论文研究的结构及内容如下: 第一章导论阐明了论文的选题背景、研究的目的和意义、研究的思路和方法,总结与评述了国内外研究动态以及论文可能的创新之处。第二章农村合作金融的基础理论本章从合作经济与合作金融理论入手,通过对农村合作金融产权理论及制度变迁理论的研究,提出合作金融具有成本优势;合作金融可以满足农村金融需求;合作金融能够适应农村经济发展的需要。我国农村金融改革就……

　　【关键词】 农村合作金融； 合作金融制度； 产权改革； 制度创新；

　　【Abstract】 At present, the situation that different ownership systems’coexisting is coming into being in China’s rural economy. Vast households in family-contract responsibility system, village-owned enterprises, town-owned enterprises, various economic coalitions and economic cooperation organizations are forming the main body of China’s rural economy. They need capital support and financial service for their production and operation. However, they are so small and disperse that it becomes difficult to get capital support and financial service from the state-owned banks. Therefore, they have to acquire capital support through cooperative especially credit cooperative in order to enter large developed markets, to control high risk causing by their small-scale, to strengthen their own competition. Therefore, it’s necessary to reform the rural financial system, to establish and perfect the rural financial system basing on cooperative finance with the division and coordination from commercial finance and policy finance. As a formal system arranging, the rural credit cooperative (also main study object in this thesis), having existed for half a century, now can not meet the need of economic development in countryside. It also can not realize its fundamental goal to service for countryside, agriculture, farmers. It loses its three essential characteristics including mass-based organization, democratic management and flexible operation under the government-oriented mode of rural cooperative finance (RCF). For the above reasons, in the field of rural economy and finance, the call of reforming rural financial system is becoming stronger and stronger. Some even argue to reject the credit cooperative. The financial system basing on rural credit cooperative is now facing a crisis. Based on property right economics, new institutional economics, and basic principles of rural credit cooperative, this thesis analyzes the foundation of RCF’s existing, developing process, current difficulties, and system defects. Then, the thesis elaborates and analyzes the rural economic subjects’demand of financial service and the gap between capital supply and capital demand as well its cause. At last, the thesis puts forwards the reform approaches of property right system, institutional structure, modes of operation and management, and its exterior environment according to the characteristics of countryside credit cooperative. The structure of this thesis is as following: Chapter 1 Introduction The first chapter elaborates the study object, the target, the significance as well as the study approaches. It also reviews the previous research at home and abroad and shows the possible original achievement in the thesis. Chapter 2 Basic theories of Rural Cooperative Finance (RCF) Starting from the theory of cooperative economic and cooperative finance, this chapter studies the theories about RCF and system change. Then, this chapter concludes that the cooperative finance has cost advantages to meet the capital demand in countryside. So, the rural financial reform in China is to establish and perfect the rural financial system basing on cooperative finance with the division and coordination from commercial finance and policy finance. Chapter 3 Comparison among systems and modes of RCF in the world Each country has its own complete administrative system of RCF. This chapter studies and compares the cooperative financial modes in Germany, America, French, Japan, and India. Then it gets the useful experiences from the study. The experiences includes: to obey the cooperative principle, to establish cooperative bank system from bottom to top, to complete the service performance and measure of RCF, to complete the elgislation on RCF and to strengthen the support from government’s policies. Chapter 4 Developing process, current problems and causes of China’s RCF Firstly, this chapter differentiates the different stages of China’s RCF and analyzes and evaluates their characteristics and current situation. Then, it elaborates the experiences and lessons and the main problems from system change of RCF. They includes: non-cooperative management, false property right, displacement of ownership, incomplete corporate governance, weak support from government, etc. Then it points out the reasons of the problems including important defects in system design, incomplete legislation and policies, imperfect exterior environment. All of these become the foundation of the further study on institutional innovation and possible solutions. Chapter 5 Analysis on capital supply and demand of China’s RCF Firstly, this chapter discusses the tendency of rural economy development in China and the features of capital demand. It analyzes the requirement of cooperative finance from the two aspects of household and small and middle-sized enterprises. Then, it discusses the capacity of capital supply of institutions’of RCF (rural credit cooperative ) and the reason for the existing and evolution of cooperative fund and folk debit and credit sides. The author concludes that the folk debit and credit side exists because of insufficient supply of rural regular finance and distortion of cooperative finance system. So the suitable China’s RCF should be found as soon as fast. Chapter 6 Property right reform of China’s RCF This chapter illuminates the positive and negative performance especially the negativeperformance of the property right system of China’s RCF basing on property right economics. Then it brings forwards the transition mode and goal mode of the property right reform of China’s RCF through the comparison among the three modes of cooperation, shareholding system and share cooperation. The structures of sole mode or multi-mode are both suitable in the same region in the transition period. Different modes including cooperation, shareholding system and share cooperation can be applied if they can promote the production and economy development under the efficient, economy and stable principle. The key is to establish the real property right system of RCF and the rural financial enterprises suitable for the development of rural economy with clear property right, democracy management. For long term, it’s necessary to establish and perfect the frame of property right system and the support system by reforming the rural credit cooperative and other rural financial institutions. Chapter 7 Institutional innovation of China’s RCF There are various finance demand with the various ownerships and various levels of economic development under the situation of socialist market economy. Thus, it becomes urgent to establish and perfect the institutions of RCF under the situation. On the basis of the previous study, the chapter proposes the innovation of institutional system by establishing rural cooperative bank, innovation of operation mode by combining non-commercial operation and commercial operation effectively, innovation of management system by the Central Bank’s supervision and the trade’s self-discipline. Chapter 8 Corresponding measures to property right reform and institutional innovation of China’s RCF This chapter puts forwards the relevant support measures and policy suggestions for the reform of China’s RCF its institutional innovation from different perspectives including the active macro-control and rural economy policies, the public participation, the government support and legislation on cooperative finance.

　　【Key words】 Rural cooperative finance； Cooperative financial system； Property right Reform,； Institutional innovation；