【摘要】 家庭承包制重塑了农村经济组织的微观基础。但是随着市场经济体制的建立与完善,市场竞争日趋激烈,加之我国加入WTO,把小规模分散的农户迅速推向了瞬息万变的市场,导致农民增收困难,“三农”问题日益严重。面对新的形势,如何形成促进农民增收的长效机制,既是一个重大的政策问题,同时也是一个重要的理论问题。单从农业的角度说,实践表明,发展市场农业的一个有效途径就是提高农民组织化程度。农民组织化是组织主体依据一定的原则,采取不同方式将具有生产经营规模狭小、经营分散、经济实力较弱、科技水平低等传统职业特征的农民转变为有组织进入市场与社会,并且能够获得与其他阶层同等待遇的现代农民的过程。本文运用交易费用理论、制度变迁理论从诱因、均衡和效率三个角度对农民组织化的历史变迁加以研究,评述了农民组织从互助组、初级合作社、高级合作社至人民公社再到家庭承包经营为基础的双层经营体制的诱致性因素;其次,从横向上对产业化经营组织的典型公司+农户、农村经纪人、产地批发市场的绩效进行比较,得出合作经济在农业领域异常活跃的原因;再次,结合合作经济理论、交易费用理论从横向上对社区合作经济组织、农村信用合作社、供销合作社的绩效进行了比较,得出发展新型农民专业合作经济组织是提高农民组织化程度重要的载体;最后依据行业自治理论对发展农产品行业协会提高农民组织化程度的可行性加以论证。本文的主要结论如下:(1)提高农民组织化程度是解决“三农”问题的关键。家庭承包责任制重塑了农村经济组织的微观基础。随着市场经济体制的建立与完善,市场竞争日趋激烈,加之我国加入WTO,把小规模分散的农民迅速推向了瞬息万变的市场。由于个体生产经营者的一系列组织缺陷,使得分散的农民与社会化的大市场的矛盾越来越突出。自90年代后期以来,随着农产品供求关系发生根本性变化,中国农业发展不仅受到资源短缺的约束,而且越来越受到市场的影响,农产品卖难、价格下跌问题日益突出,农民增收困难。与此同时,我国二元结构问题突出,城乡差距进一步扩大,并且随着中国加入WTO,农业面临着来自国际竞争的考验,因此尽快提高农民的组织化程度,改变农民单家独户进入市场的局面,有效解决农民增收难的问题,改变国民收入分配向城市倾斜的格局,增加农业的市场竞争能力,是当前迫切需要解决的问题。(2)我国农民组织化的道路是漫长、艰难的,也是充满希望的。建国后我国农民……

　　【Abstract】 Family contract system resets microcosmic foundation of rural economic organization. But with construction and consummate of market economic system, market competition is more fury. In addition, small-scaled farmers are rapidly pushed to variable market and farmers’income is decreasing. Facing with the new circumstance, how to form persistent efficient system to promote farmers’income is momentousness policy and theory problem. From the single angle-agriculture, efficient approach to develop market agriculture is to elevate the degree of farmers’systematization. The connotation of farmers’systematization is: according to certain rules, principal part of organization adopts various modes to form small-scaled, disperse, puny farmers into powerful farmers and into equalization state to modern farmers.The thesis begins with status quo of farmers’systematization, make use of bargaining theory and theory institutional vicissitude, and analyze institutional vicissitude of farmers’systematization from three points: inducement, balance and efficiency. Then, the thesis comments farmers’systematization change from interdependent group to elementary cooperation to high cooperation to people’s community. Next, the thesis analyzes various forms of farmers’systematization: industrialization organization, rural broker, wholesome market, includes the reason that cooperation is so active. Forth, the thesis combines cooperation’s theory and bargaining theory to compare community cooperation, credit union with supply and marketing cooperation, and includes that new pattern professional cooperation is a valid choice to elevate the degree of farmers’systematization. Finally, according to industry autonomy theory, the thesis argues that developing trade union is feasible. The main conclusions of the thesis are as following:First, to elevate the degree of farmers’systematization is the key to solve the problem among“rural, agriculture and farmers”. Family contract system resets microcosmic foundation of rural economic organization. But with construction and consummate of market economic system, market competition is more fury. In addition, small-scaled farmers are rapidly pushed to variable market and farmers’income is decreasing. Because of a series ……

　　【关键词】 农民； 组织化； 专业合作； 行业协会；

　　【Key words】 Farmers； Systematization； Professional Cooperation； Trade Union；