【摘要】 大力发展农民专业合作社,不仅是市场经济条件下提升农业产业发展水平,促进先进农业科技推广,增强农民市场竞争能力,培养农民民主意识、合作意识,提高农民组织化程度,增加农民收入的重要手段,也是推进社会主义新农村建设,实现“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”目标的有效载体,是解决“三农”问题、推动新农村建设、构建农村和谐社会切入点的重要抓手。参与市场交易,是农民合作社发挥作用的基础,但是由于目前法律设计和现实国情的问题,我国农民专业合作社交易相对人的利益风险较高,不利于交易的安全迅捷,更不利于农民专业合作社的长期健康发展,因此,研究农民专业合作社交易相对人利益保护法律问题具有相当重要的意义。第一,绪论部分介绍了本文的研究意义和背景,对本文研究主题所涉及的几个基本法律问题进行了文献综述,介绍了本文的研究方法、研究内容及创新点。第二,本文分析了交易相对人的利益风险,探讨了一般情况下交易相对人在经济和法律条件下可能遇到的利益风险问题。通过引入经济学中信息不对称理论和交易中定价能力理论,结合有限责任制的不足,分析了一般交易相对人利益风险的原因,并以此为基础,具体论述了交易人利益风险的表现,主要体现在三方面,分别是交易相对人的信赖利益风险,定价能力孱弱的交易相对人的不平等合同风险和基于有限责任制的补偿不足风险。第三,在一般交易相对人利益风险的基础上,本文深入分析了农民专业合作社交易相对人具有更高和更特殊的风险的表现和原因。主要表现在两个方面:一方面,由于我国农民合作社具有成员不稳定的特点,而合作社成员又拥有随时分配合作社财产的权利,合作社实际不享有完全的责任财产所有权,造成其责任财产具有不稳定性,从而使农民专业合作社交易相对人承担更高的信赖利益风险;另一方面,由于我国农民专业合作社的普通农户在现行分配制度下既要多与合作社自我交易以换取更多盈余分配,又基于我国的合作社成员构成和表决机制的矛盾难以体现自己的利益,与合作社交易时定价能力孱弱,从而具有更高的自我交易风险。本文继而得出结论,即我国农民专业合作社交易相对人处于利益风险高于一般交易相对人的境地,需要法律的更多保护。第四,本文分析了我国现行农民专业合作社交易相对人利益的法律保护不足的原因:一是缺乏稳定农民专业合作社责任财产的制度规定,二是治理结构法律制度不能有效应对现实需要,三是缺乏必要的审计披露制度。针对这些问题,本文提出了自己的建议:首先完善农民专业合作社责任财产制度,包括明确农民专业合作社成员的出资义务,引入合作社成员承诺责任制度和完善农民专业合作社成员退出的财产分配制度;其次要完善农民专业合作社治理结构,包括平衡农民专业合作社决策机制中的民主要求、资本地位要求,规定农民专业合作社的监督机关;最后要完善农民专业合作社审计披露制,建立自律性审计制度和政府特别审计制度。

　　【Abstract】 To develop farmer specialized cooperatives, it not only enhances level of agriculture industrial development under market economy and promotion of advanced agriculture science and technology, strengthens farmers market competitiveness, and cultivates farmers democratic, cooperative consciousness, improving farmers organizational degree and important means of increasing famers incomes , but also carries forward new socialist countryside construction , and is the effective carrier to achieve the goal of“production development, well-off life and civilized, clean and tidy village ,and democratic management ,”and is the important point grasp to solve“three rural”issue , to promote new rural construction and build a rural harmonious society . Transaction is the basis of the role of farmer specialized cooperatives. In light of the current legal system and national conditions, farmer specialized cooperatives trading counterpart is in higher interest risks, it goes against the security and swiftness, and the long-term healthy development of farmer specialized cooperatives. Therefore, to study interest protection of farmer specialized cooperatives trading counterpart is considerable importanceFirst, this paper introduce the significance and background of the study in introduction part, makes the literature review about several basic legal issues and introduces the research content , methods and innovation of this paper.Secondly, the paper analyses the interest risk of trading counterpart, explores the causes of possible interest risks that trading counterpart may encounter under general economic and legal conditions by introducing the theory of asymmetric information and transaction pricing power in economics and the lack of the limited liability. Then the paper analyses the performance of the interest risks, mainly in three aspects: trust interest risks of trading counterpart, risks of unequal contract of weak pricing power counterpart and risks of inadequate compensation based on limited liability.Again, the paper analyses the higher interest risk that farmer specialized cooperative counterpart have based on the interests of the general relative risk transactions. There are two performances: one is the higher interest risk because of the instable responsibility of property. The other is high the self-dealing risks because of weak pricing power of trading counterpart of the normal farmers.Another time, the paper discusses China’s existing farmer cooperative trading partners to the legal protection of the interests of the inadequacies: there are no farmer cooperatives responsibility stable system of property provisions, no Effective legal system of the governance structure, no necessary audit disclosure regime. Then the paper puts forward author’s proposals about the legal protection for farmer specialized cooperative transaction counterpart. According to current legal system and the reality, on the basis of causes of interest risks, the paper comes up with perfect legal interest protection measures for farmer specialized cooperative trading counterpart, to improve the property system and the management structure and audit disclosed system of farmer specialized cooperatives.The last part summaries the whole content and obtains a final conclusion.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 交易相对人； 利益风险； 利益保护；

　　【Key words】 farmer specialized cooperatives； trading counterpart； interest risks； interest protection；