【摘要】 20世纪90年代以来,我国农业市场化、国际化步伐逐渐加快,面临加入WTO后的严峻挑战,如何在农户家庭经营的基础上,尽快建立适应市场经济发展需要的、真正能够代表农民利益的农业合作经济组织体系,把我国分散的、超小规模经营的农户与统一开放的国内外大市场连接起来,从根本上提高我国农民参与市场的能力,是我国农业发展过程中急需解决的重大问题。这也是本文研究的背景条件。通过对发达国家,日本、美国、荷兰的农业合作经济组织的发展现状和特点的研究分析,得出值得我们借鉴的经验。以我国农业合作经济组织的发展变迁过程为研究主线,对我国新型农业合作经济组织的产生发展、组织类型、运行状况、意义作用等问题进行了实证研究,并借鉴西方新制度经济学关于交易费用的理论和新古典经济学的专业化分工理论,对我国新型农业合作经济组织的产生发展进行了规范的经济学分析,从理论上揭示了农业市场化过程中我国新型农业合作经济产生、发展的内在机理和约束因素。在此研究的基础之上,从微观层面和宏观层面提出了我国新型农业合作经济组织发展完善的思路、原则、目标、方向和对策建议。全文共八部分,其主要内容如下:第一章,导言。该部分阐述了本文的选题背景、研究的意义、国内外研究综述以及研究的思路和方法。第二章,概念界定与基本理论。该部分界定了合作经济组织与新型农业合作经济组织的概念,对当前新型农业合作经济组织与集体经济和20世纪50年代的农业合作化运动进行了区分,探讨了新型农业合作经济组织的内涵和组织形式的划分,梳理了关于合作经济的基本理论框架,包括西方经典合作社理论、马克思主义的合作经济理论,并借鉴了新制度经济学理论,如产权理论、交易费用理论等,为分析和研究我国新型农业合作经济组织提供理论工具。第三章,国外农业合作经济组织的实践与经验。简要阐述了日本农协、美国农业合作社和荷兰农业合作社的发展现状,得出了可供我国新型农业合作经济组织发展的经验。第四章,我国农业合作经济组织的发展与变迁。回顾了中国早期合作运动实践以及建国前革命根据地、解放区的农业互助合作。还简明阐述了建国后农业的合作化和集体化,总结了其历史教训及其改革开放后,我国农村实行家庭联产承包责任制,在此基础之上,新的历史条件下,产生了新型农业合作经济组织。第五章,新型农业合作经济组织发展现状及存在问题。对我国新型农业合作经济组织发展的基本状况做了概括,总体上我国新型农业合作经济组织发展不快,农户覆盖率不高,服务功能比较单一和薄弱。并呈多元主体兴办的特点,一部分新型农业合作经济组织具有官办色彩,制度安排不规范,农民主体地位不明显。存在的主要问题有认识不足、法律地位不明确、管理体制不顺等。第六章,新型农业合作经济组织产生发展的经济学分析。引用交易费用经济学的基本框架,运用新古典经济学的专业化分工理论进行分析发现,在产业发展比较成熟、产品能形成相对规模优势并且政策产生正向效应的地区会产生内在的分工演进,作为维护农户自身利益的组织,新型农业合作经济组织必然会出现,并且能够节约大量的内生交易费用。第七章,新型农业合作经济组织发展的原则和对策。首先阐述了我国新型农业合作经济组织发展的指导思想和应遵循的组织原则,包括自愿原则、民主管理原则、经济组织原则等;其次是发展路径、模式的探讨,要遵循循序渐进的道路,因地制宜,选择适合的发展模式;最后提出了我国新型农业合作经济组织发展完善的具体对策建议。第八章,相关讨论。认为,合作经济运动经历了160年的历史进程,有着长久的生命活力,它是市场经济条件下的产物,也是社会变革时代的产物,到了今天,国际通行的合作社原则也在发生着深刻的演进,人们将重新审视合作社原则问题,更加重视合作社的公平与效率问题。纵观我国农业经营制度的变迁历史过程,经历了从分到合,再由合到分的过程,今天,我们又在讨论农业合作问题,用农业角色的概念解释了这一分合现象。也认为,现代农业经济的发展需要制度效率的支撑,同时也不能忽略农业技术变迁在农业现代化过程中发挥的重大作用。

　　【Abstract】 The marketization and internationalization of the domestic agriculture have been faster and faster gradually from 1990s and the economic situation has been more and more challenging following China’s entry into WTO. In that circumstance, to establish an agricultural cooperative economic organization on the basis of farmers’household running is an urgent problem to be resolved, which should be adjustable for the development of Chinese market economy, delegating the interests of farmers, and should be functional to strengthening the participation of Chinese farmers in the market activities through connecting dispersive and super-small household running with the open and united big world market. That is the background condition of this paper.Experience worthy for our reference has been produced through the analysis on the characteristics and present situation of developed countries including Japan, the USA, and Holland. Empirical research has been performed in this paper on the production, development, organizational type, present running situation, and significance, function and so on of Chinese new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization by mainly focusing on investigating its developmental process. Moreover, combining the theory on transaction cost of western new institutional economics and the specialization and work division theory of new classical economics, canonical and economic analysis on the production and development of Chinese new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization has been offered, and the internal mechanism and restrictive elements of the organization have been revealed. Based on the above research, the principle, aim, direction, plan and thinking on the perfection of Chinese new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization have been put forwarded from the micro and macro angles in the following eight parts:Chapter one Introduction. The background of selecting the thesis title, the research significance, brief summary of domestic and foreign research in this respect and the investigation thinking have been expounded.Chapter two Concept Definition and Basic Theory. Theoretical tools have been provided for the analysis on and research of Chinese new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization.Conception of cooperative economic organization and new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization has been defined, and difference between the present new-type organization and collective economy has been unveiled. Apart from that, the connotation and organizational modals of the new-type organization have been discussed and the basic theories related have been reviewed, including western classical cooperation theories and theories of Marxism cooperation economy; and the new institutional economics theories has been taken for reference such as property rights theory, transaction cost theory etc,.Chapter three The Practice and Experience of Foreign Agricultural Cooperative and Economic Organization. Experience useful for the development of Chinese new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization has been summarized by briefing the current situation of Japanese Agricultural Association, Agricultural Cooperative of the USA and Agricultural Cooperative of Holland.Chapter four The Development and Variation of Chinese Agricultural Cooperative and Economic Organization. The mutual agricultural cooperation in the revolution bases and liberated areas before the foundation of new China and the cooperative movement in the earlier period in China have been reviewed. Besides, the cooperative transformation and collectivization of Chinese agriculture after new China foundation have been briefly expounded and the lesson has been summarized; based on which the household responsibility system has been carried out after the reform and opening-up. That finally has resulted in the new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization in the new historical circumstance.Chapter five Research on the Current Situation and the Existing Problem of New-Type Agricultural Cooperative and Economic Organization. The basic situation of the new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization of our country has been summarized as follows: the development of this new-type organization is not fast; the group of farmers covered is not large and the serving function is comparatively limited and weak. Moreover, the new-type organizations have been established by entities of different types. Part of this type of organization appears to be of too much government influence, lacking system regularity, and of inadequate effects from farmers. The problems include lack of learning on, ambiguity on the lawful position of and unhealthiness of the managing system of the new-type organization.Chapter six Economic Analysis on the Development of New-Type Agricultural Cooperative and Economic Organization. The basic framework of transaction cost economics and the specialization work division theory of the new classical economics have been made use of in the analysis, from which it has been found that in the area where the industries have developed to be comparatively mature and the products have formed comparatively- large-scale advantages with government policies of proper effects, the new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization, as one institution maintaining the interests of farmers themselves, shall definitely emerge and shall save plenty of endogenous transaction cost.Chapter seven The Principle and Resolution of New-Type Agricultural Cooperative and Economic Organization. First of all, the guiding thinking for the organization development and the organizational principle needs to be followed of the new-type organization has been explained, which includes volunteering principle, democratic managing principle, and economic organizing principle and so on. Secondly, from discussion the development process shall be gradual and the mode shall be proper for Chinese characteristics. Finally, concrete suggestions have been put forwarded for the development and improvement of the new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization.Chapter eight Related Discussion. The cooperative economic movement started from about 160-year ago and is of strong life force; it is the offspring of market economy and that of social transformation. Nowadays, the cooperative principle accepted internationally has also been changing and evolving deeply; people shall pay more attention to the equality and effectiveness of cooperation in resurveying the cooperative principle. The agricultural managing system of our country has experienced the following circle process, i.e.turning to be collective from being divided and again transforming back to be collective.Today, agricultural cooperative problem is discussed again, in which the phenomenon of the above mentioned circle is explained with the concept of the agricultural role. Meanwhile, it’s thought that the development of modern agricultural economy needs to be based on systematic effectiveness and the important significance of the agricultural technological change in the modernization of agriculture shall never be ignored.

　　【关键词】 新型农业合作经济组织； 问题研究； 对策建议；

　　【Key words】 new-type agricultural cooperative and economic organization； problem research； suggestions；