【摘要】 农民的组织化研究是当前新农村建设的一项重要议题。合作社是新时期中国农民的一种新的组织方式。关于农民合作社的研究基本上集中在经济学视角,多停留在政策研究层面,而采用社会学视角的基于社会结构与社会建设层面的研究是少之又少。本研究在文献研究的基础上,采用结构访谈法和参与观察法收集资料,在市民社会的理论背景下,以哈贝马斯的公共领域为主要视角对农民合作社进行研究,从农民合作社的发生、运行和功能发挥三个方面,分析了农民合作社和我国市民社会建构的关联性。本文分五个部分:第一部分为导论,在既有研究的基础上提出本研究的主要视角,问题意识和研究方法。第二部分论述了农民合作社的发生机制,首先回顾了农民合作社的历史嬗变,再将合作社的发生归因于市民社会的发育。具体而言,合作社的发生源于农村市场经济的发育,民间共同诉求的产生,以及国家行动的边界化。第三部分论述了合作社的运行机制,首先将农民合作社定位为一个自治的民间组织,它具有行动自主权,是独立自主的社会主体,能够进行有效的自我管理,在组织资源方面不依赖国家权力和国家强制,而依存于成员认同。然后从股份合作制、退出权、社员大会和维权几个方面说明合作社的运作情况,重点分析这其中的所体现出来的市民社会的特质。第四部分,论述了合作社的功能,主要功能如下:有助于农民个体的增收,推动农村社区经济的发展;培育市民意识,促进农民个体的市民化;促进公民社会的有机团结,实现和谐社会的理想。第五部分是总结和反思。

　　【Abstract】 Peasants’ organization research is an important subject in the current new rural reconstruction. The peasants’ cooperative society is a new way of organizing Chinese peasants in the new time .The available research on the peasants’ cooperative society is basically by the economic angle of view,limits in the policy research ,however,the research on social structure and social construction is very few . Under the Civil Society Theory background , taking Habeimasi’ Public Sphere Theory as the main angle of view , this research attempts to study the cooperative society from three angles: occurrence , operation and function , ultimatly to analyze the relationship between the peasants’ cooperative society and the civil society .Since it is a case research , by the methods of literature research ,structure interviews and paticipatory observation ,the author obtains the first materials.This paper is composed of five parts. The first part is introductory remarks, based on literature research, proposes the main angle of view, question consciousness and research technique.The second part elaborates peasants’ cooperative society’s occurrence mechanism, firstly reviewes the peasants cooperative society’s historical evolution,again attributes the peasants’cooperative society’s occurrence to the civil society’s growth. The third part elaborates the cooperative society’s operational mechanism, firstly the peasants’ cooperative society is considered as an autonomous folk organization, which is an independent social main body , can carry on the effective self-controlling, does not rely on the state power in the aspect of organization resources obtaining, but depends on the members’ approval. Then, from the stock cooperation system, the withdrawal power, the member of society congress and Uyguring power several aspects to explain the operation situation of the peasants’ cooperative society, with emphasis analyzing the civil society’s special characteristic which it manifests.The fourth part, elaborates the peasants’ cooperative society’s function.The main function is as follows: helping peasants to increases income, impelling the countryside community economy to develop; promoting the peasants’ citizen consciousness; promoting the citizen society’s organic unity and the realization of harmonious society’s ideal. The fifth part is the Summary and resonsideration.

　　【关键词】 市民社会； 公共领域； 农民合作社； 民间组织；

　　【Key words】 civil society； public sphere； the peasants’ cooperative society； non-governmental organization；