【摘要】 “农业、农村、农民问题关系党和国家事业发展全局。”我国是一个农业人口占绝对多数的国家,“三农”问题是我国现代化进程中必须解决的重要问题。为解决“三农”问题,2005年10月,党的十六届五中全会首次提出了建设社会主义新农村的重大方略,2006年中央1号文件又对建设社会主义新农村做了具体部署。建设社会主义新农村,是我国在全面建设小康社会的关键时期,统筹城乡发展、实行“工业反哺农业、城市支持农村”的重大举措。自中央提出社会主义新农村建设的大政方针以来,破解“三农”问题,要靠社会主义新农村建设已成社会共识。如何建设社会主义新农村呢?本文以为,根据中央提出的“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”新农村建设方针,利用农民专业合作组织推进社会主义新农村建设是一条重要途径。本文着眼于新农村建设,探讨了农民专业合作组织在新农村建设中的作用机制、历史演进、发展现状、存在问题与完善途径。首先,本文梳理了农民专业合作组织的相关理论,明确了我国农民专业合作组织的内涵、形式、原则、本质。其次,本文从新农村建设的大背景出发,着眼于新农村建设,探讨了农民专业合作组织在新农村建设中的作用机制,论证了农民专业合作组织对于推进社会主义新农村建设的重要作用,提出农民专业合作组织是实现农业经营体制创新的新形式,是建设现代农业的重要组织,是促进农民增收的有效手段,是营造文明乡风的内在动力,是完善乡村治理的参与主体,还是发挥农民主体性、推进以农民为主体的新农村建设的重要载体。再次,本文回顾了农民合作组织在我国的发展历程,揭示了农民专业合作组织产生的历史渊源,以及农民专业合作组织与我国历史上的农民合作组织的区别与联系。最后,在此基础上,本文分析了农民专业合作组织的发展现状,以及新农村建设中发展农民专业合作组织面临的制约因素,提出了新农村建设中农民专业合作组织的完善措施。鉴于农民专业合作组织发展中面临的种种问题,如相关法规与政府配套政策不完善、组织内部运行机制不健全、市场竞争力不足、总体规模小、服务水平低、地区差异大等诸多问题,本文提出：立足国情、借鉴国际经验,创造有利于农民专业合作组织发展的外部环境,健全农民专业合作组织的运行机制,培育农民专业合作组织的行动主体,提高农民专业合作组织的竞争能力,依据地区具体条件因地制宜发展农民专业合作组织,妥善处理农民专业合作组织与村两委、龙头企业的关系,以促进新农村建设中农民专业合作组织的顺利发展。通过研究,本文得出了以下结论：一、必须坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,防止农地私有化；二、农民专业合作组织是在家庭承包经营的制度约束条件下实现农业经营体制创新的新形式；三、中国特色的农业现代化是在土地家庭承包经营的制度约束下的农业现代化,农民专业合作组织正是在这一约束条件下实现农业现代化的有效组织；四、推进农民专业合作社主导下的农业产业化经营是解决“三农”问题的根本途径；五、农民专业合作组织是营造文明乡风的内在动力；六、农民专业合作组织能够成为未来我国农民制度化政治参与的有效组织载体；七、农民专业合作组织是推进以农民为主体的新农村建设的重要载体。

　　【Abstract】 "The problems of agriculture, farmers and rural areas are the key issues influencing the development of the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) and China." Farmers constitute a majority of Chinese population, so the three-dimensional rural issues must be solved in the process of China’s modernization. In October 2005, in order to solve these problems, the 5th Plenum of the 16th Chinese Communist Party Central Committee proposed the strategy of constructing new socialist countryside, and in 2006, the No.1 Document of the Central Government proposed specific plans and details for it. This critical period proves to be vital to China’s construction, which focuses on "the industry promoting agriculture and cities supporting rural areas".It is universally acknowledged that the solution to farming-farmer-countryside problem also depends on the construction of the new socialist countryside. But how can such countryside be built? This dissertation proposes a new approach by making use of the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers, based on the concept of "production development, affluence, civilization, environmental protection and democratic management" by the central government.This dissertation focuses on the mechanism, development, current situation, problems and solutions of the specialized cooperative organizations of fanners in the new countryside construction. Firstly, this dissertation summarizes those theories relating to the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers and set forth connotation,extension,principle and essence of the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers. Secondly,based on its mechanism, this dissertation discusses its role in rural development and points out that it is the new form of the innovative rural management system. It is also an important organization in modern agriculture and an effective way to increase farmers’ income. It is the inner motive power of rural civilization. It can help with rural management and active participation of farmers in the construction of the new socialist countryside. Thirdly,the development of the farmers cooperative organizations in China is reviewed to show its origin, and demonstrate the differences and similarities between the present organization and the past one. Lastly,the paper analyzes its current situation and limitations and puts forward some measures to deal with them.Various problems arise such as insufficient rules and regulations, imperfect mechanism in the organizations, lack of market competitiveness,etc. So this dissertation puts forward that creating of a favorable environment,improving a reasonable mechanism, cultivating some active action agents, and enhancing the ability to compete.Moreover,the developmental policies should be made based on local conditions and centered on the relationship between the organization, the village committees and leading enterprise.The following conclusions are reached:1. fundamental rural management systems must be kept and improved to prevent the privatization of farming land; 2.The farmers specialized cooperative organizations is new form of the innovative rural management system; 3. Agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics is based on the household contract responsibility system of land, and the farmers specialized cooperative organizations is an effective one in the condition; 4. The industrialized management of agriculture by this organizations is fundamental for the solution to the agriculture-farmer-countryside; 5. It is also the initiative for the rural civilization; 6. It is through this organizations that farmers will participate in China’s political activities in a well-organized way; 7. It will help with the new socialist farmer-centered countryside construction.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作组织； 新农村建设；

　　【Key words】 the specialized cooperative organizations of farmers； the construction of new countryside；