【摘要】 农村改革一方面解放了农村生产力,另一方面则将势单力薄的农户抛入竞争激烈的市场经济海洋,造成弱小农户在与其他强大的市场主体竞争中处于弱势地位,利益大量流失。解决农户的小生产和大市场之间的矛盾,减少农民参与市场竞争风险和不确定性,提高交易效率,就必须有一个能直接代表农民利益的组织充当农民和市场的中介,新型农民专业合作社开始出现,并且快速发展。但是农民专业合作社在全国各地区、各产业发展水平不同、分布不均,上规模、上档次,为农民社员提供较强服务能力,带动农民增收的农民专业合作社并不多,原因之一是资金缺乏严重影响了其发展壮大。论文以新制度经济学交易费用理论、制度变迁理论,产权经济学,现代企业融资理论为主要分析工具,按照提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的思路,在详细梳理国内外相关文献的基础上,选取有代表性的农民专业合作社为主要例证对象,研究农民专业合作社融资的制约因素,从合作社产权变革、农村金融体制创新、政府制度供给三个方面提出解决方案。导论部分对新型农民专业合作社资金缺乏现象进行简要阐述,指出全文的研究所在。对论文的研究方法做出说明,对论文的框架思路进行分析,指出论文的创新与不足。第2章新型农民专业合作社融资的基础理论。本部分是全文的理论重点,界定了新型农民专业合作社的内涵,指出新型农民专业合作社具有不同于传统合作社的鲜明特征。对融资、融资方式、新型农民专业合作社融资进行阐述,认为农民专业合作社融资是一种独特的融资模式。交易费用理论、制度变迁理论、产权理论和现代企业融资理论是分析农民专业合作社融资的基础理论。第3章新型农民专业合作社融资现状分析。我国新型农民专业合作社处于快速发展阶段,资金缺乏成为合作社发展的重要制约因素。具体而言,制约农民专业合作社融资的因素包括合作社自身的制度因素、社员因素,农村金融体制的制约以及来自政府方面的影响。第4章新型农民专业合作社产权变革与直接融资。本部分是对第3章合作社融资难制约因素中的合作社自身限制而提出的解决方案。国外合作社为了解决融资难题,纷纷创新融资手段。新型农民专业合作社在产权融资方面与国外合作社有很大不同。新型农民专业合作社的产权结构是不均衡的,大户型农民专业合作社被证明更具有普遍性,更具有应用价值,是目前解决合作社资金的非常有效的办法。明晰产权、股份流动、发展股份合作社都是新型农民专业合作社融资可以采取的措施。第5章新型农民专业合作社间接融资以及创新实践。本部分是为解决合作社融资难问题在金融改革方面寻找突破。农村信用社是支持农民专业合作社资金需求的重要力量,改革农信社应该考虑股权信贷模式,吸纳农民参与改革才是根本的出路。新型农民合作金融组织能较好满足农民专业合作社资金需要,具有很好的支持合作社融资的功能,应该创造宽松条件促其发展。商业金融是支持新型农民专业合作社融资的重要力量,既需要国有商业金融深化改革又需要建立众多的小型商业金融来补充。农业保险、担保的参与将极大地降低商业金融的贷款风险,金融、保险、担保的结合将极大地缓解农民专业合作社贷款难题。第6章新型农民专业合作社融资中的政府行为分析。该部分是论文结尾,是对应农民专业合作社制约因素的政府限制而提出的方案。农民专业合作社是弱势群体的集合,注重公平而不是效率,能弥补政府职能的不足,因此需要政府的支持。政府对农民专业合作社除了直接的资金支持,更重要的是为其发展、融资创造一个良好的法律、政策环境。而地方政府在支持合作社发展,解决融资难方面具有突出的作用。

　　【Abstract】 Rural reform means liberating the productive forces. On the other hand, it results that the unsubstantial rural households in the sea of seriously competitive market economy to cause the weak farmer families be placed in a disadvantaged position during the competition with other main body of strong market. So we suffer great loss of benefits. China’s entry into the WTO leads to the scope extension of the agriculture market and face the pressure of international market and international rules directly. This makes the bargain cost getting dominant and rigidization. In order to solve the contradiction between household small productions with the ever-changing large markets and reduce the risk, uncertainty during the peasants participating in the competition and raise a bargain efficiency, we must have an agency, which can on behalf of the peasants directly and sincerely. In the middle 80’s of 20 centuries, the farmers’Professional cooperation store starts appearing, and develops quickly. But the problem of their different levels of development and unbalanced distribution exists between different regions in the country and each industry. The ones which are not only large scale, high level but also have superior ability to service the farmers are not so many, one of the reasons is its lack of funds strongly influenced its development.The thesis takes new system economics and property economics as main analysis tool. According to the thought of raising, analyzing and solving problems, we shall choose the representative ones of the farmer’s professional cooperation stores as main object of proof. Based on the combing in detail of the related cultural heritage at home and abroad. First, we should expurgate the system characteristic and the system boundary of the farmers’specialty cooperation. Then we can investigate the restrict factor to its financing under the help of western enterprise financing theory, Max’s economic financing theory and the new system economic theory. Thus we carefully argue and analyze it and put forward the resolvent in three aspects: the property right of the cooperation, the innovation to the country finance system and the transformation to the government function. The theory part briefly expand the general situation of the new farmers’specialty cooperation, the important function of the cooperation to the three farming problems in the new stage and the important infection of the finance to the cooperation. And it explains the study method of the thesis, pointing that the cooperation qualification is a big innovation, which is in favor of the development of the cooperation qualification theory and the settlement of the practical problems.The new type of farmers’specialty cooperation financing theory is the emphases of the thesis, which bounds the meaning of the new framers’specialty cooperation, pointing out that cooperation is a special fictitious person, which has both the profit of the enterprise and the non-profit of the fictitious person. It introduces the cooperation qualification and the qualification mode, pointing out that the new framers’specialty cooperation financing uses the western enterprise financing theory for reference and investigates and concludes it according to its development. Meanwhile, it explores Max’s enterprise financing theory and find out the more suitable theory for our cooperation financing by analyzing the western enterprise financing theory.The third chapter is the emphases of the whole. The new type of farmers’specialty cooperation is in a stage of high development. The lake of money is its main restricts factor. From the angle of the development of the cooperation, the lake of money which is produced in its unique system is all along with it. This is proofed compared to the joint-stock company financing. Embodily, the restrict factors include the system itself, associator factor, the country financing system factor and the government factor.For the system itself, the resolvent is the transformation of the property right and the direct financing. The correctness to the fundamental of the cooperation has its function in relaxing the lake of money by al means. The foreign cooperation takes new measures to solve the problem of money, which we can use for reference. In foreign countries, the new property right financing has solved the problem basically, but the big farmers’specialty cooperation is proofed to be more rifeness, which is more valuable. For the country financing system factor, indirect financing and the innovation practice are two good tries. The money from the financing system is the main support outer support to new farmers’specialty cooperation. The country credit union is the main financing organization where the farmers’specialty cooperation can ask for a credit but it has many problems. So the reform of the credit union should be diversified. To support the development of the farmers’specialty cooperation, we should consider the pattern of the share credit. And the real way out is to ask accepts the farmers’participation.The foreign practice proofed that the farmers’cooperative financing organization, which has a big function to develop the farmers’specialty cooperation, is the main support to it. But it needs the support from all since it is weak now. The reform to the agricultural bank cannot break away from the benet of serving the three framing problems. A good thought is to enlarge the functions of the agriculture bank and increase the credit to the small farmers’specialty cooperation.For the government factor, the thesis talks about it in the end. The farmers’specialty cooperation is a weak muster. It pays attention to the equity not the efficiency, which can fetch up the shortage of the government. But it needs the support from the government, which cannot only give it some finance support but also a good law and a good policy. The local government plays an important role in the development of the farmers’specialty cooperation.

　　【关键词】 新型农民专业合作社； 合作社原则； 风险控制； 合作社产权； 融资方式创新； 新一代合作社； 农村金融； 股权信贷； 信息不对称； 地方政府；

　　【Key words】 the new type of farmers’specialty cooperation； the cooperation tenet； the control to the risk； the cooperation property right； the innovation to； the financing pattern； a new generation of cooperation； rural finance； the share credit； the dissymmetry information； the local government；