【摘要】 农民专业合作经济组织是农民与有关企业、组织和个人,在高度自愿的基础上,按互惠互利原则联合起来,依法合作经营农产品及其衍生产品的经济实体。它是以家庭承包经营为基础,由从事同类农产品生产经营的农民自愿组织起来,在技术、信息、资金、购销、加工、贮运等环节开展互助合作的经济组织。它以维护成员利益、增加成员收入为主要目的,是市场经济条件下,农民进行自我服务、自我发展、自我保护的一种行之有效的组织形式。合作经济思想经过160多年的实践有了广泛的发展,在世界发达国家历史悠久,并且大多比较成功。呈现出分布广泛,类型众多的特点。目前,合作社遍布160个国家和地区,涉及农业、工业、金融、保险、医疗、交通、运输、科技、文化、教育等各个领域,主要从事加工、制造、建设、销售、供应、经营、农业生产、信贷、保险、福利、文化娱乐等活动。合作经济组织作为弱势群体的自助组织,不仅能够创造社会和谐,而且对解决劳动力就业问题有突出的作用。我国自建国以来曾经掀起三次农民专业合作经济组织发展浪潮。第一次浪潮是随着1950年7月中央人民政府政务院公布《农民协会组织通则》,全国绝大多数地区普遍成立了农民协会；第二次浪潮是1956年3月第一届全国人大常委会通过《农民合作社示范章程》之后,全国各地成立了各种形式的初级合作社和高级合作社,后演变为“人民公社”；第三次浪潮是从二十世纪80年代开始,我国发展社会主义市场经济,涌现出大量合作经济组织,这种“农村新型合作组织”替代了五六十年代建立与发展起来的“人民公社”。新型农村合作经济组织是在我国社会主义市场经济体制下和农村商品经济发展的过程中,以西方农村合作经济理论为指导,结合我国实际,为了解决农户个体经营与大市场不相适应的问题而产生并发展起来的。它仍以家庭经营体制为基础,坚持农民自愿的原则,不影响生产经营自主权和家庭财产所有权,反而会在新的层次和意义上深化和完善以家庭承包经营体质、推动和完善社会主义市场经济的发展。徐州市农民专业合作经济组织经历由少到多、由单一到综合、由自发到规范的发展过程,呈现覆盖广、模式新、做法实、成效大四个突出特点,农民专业合作经济组织的发展取得了长足进步。但农民专业合作组织的发展与农业生产力的发展要求相比、与繁荣农村经济的需要相比、与广大农民的期望相比、与先进地区的实践相比,还存在较大的差距,存在一些亟待解决的矛盾和问题。这些问题如果得不到很好的解决,将直接制约到徐州市的农民专业合作经济组织的健康良性发展,影响到农民增收、农业增效和社会主义新农村建设。因此研究徐州农民专业合作经济组织的发展现状,并提出一些切实可行的扶持建议,对于解决“三农”问题,加快农业产业化进程,发展优质、高产、高效农业,实现农业增效、农民增收,促进农村经济的发展具有十分重要的意义。本文从徐州实际出发,调查了数十家农民专业合作经济组织,重点分析典型案例。通过对徐州市农民专业合作经济组织情况的调查研究,掌握徐州市农民专业合作经济组织的数量、类型以及发展现状,剖析其成长历程,分析徐州市农民专业合作经济组织发展特点,阐述农民专业合作经济组织在农村经济发展中的作用和地位,找出其在运行过程中存在的主要问题,提出进一步搞好农民专业合作经济组织的建议和对策。

　　【Abstract】 Farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations are economic entities organized by farmers and relevant enterprises and individuals on a highly voluntary basis, in accordance with the principle of mutual benefit, operating the business of agricultural products and their derivatives in compliance with the law in the form of cooperation. They are based on the household contract management, organized by farmers engaged in the production and operation of similar agricultural products voluntarily, carried out the mutual assistance and cooperation in technology, information, capital, procurement, processing, storage and other aspects. Aiming at safeguarding the interests and increasing the income of the members, it’s an effective form of organization in the market economy for farmers’self-service, self development and self-protection.After 160 years of practice, the cooperation economy thinking has developed extensively, and has a long history in developed countries, mostly successful and presenting the characteristics of wide distribution and the of diversified types. Currently, the cooperatives spread over 160 countries and regions, including agriculture, industry, finance, insurance, medical care, transport, logistics, technology, culture, education and other fields, mainly engaged in processing, manufacturing, construction, sales, supply, management, agricultural production, credit, insurance, welfare, culture, entertainment and other activities. As self-help organizations of vulnerable groups, cooperative economic organizations can not only create social harmony, but also play a prominent role for unemployment.Since the founding of China, it has set off three waves of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations. The first wave happened with the publish of "General Rules of Farmers Associations" by Central People’s Government Administration Council in July 1950, and the vast majority of regions established farmers associations; the second wave took place after the first NPC Standing Committee passed "Model Statutes of Farmers Cooperatives" in March 1956, and various forms of primary cooperatives and senior co-operatives were set up all over China, evolved into "People’s Communes" afterwards; the third wave began from 1980s when China developed socialist market economy, a large number of cooperative economic organizations sprang up. The "new rural cooperative organizations" replaced the "People’s Communes" established and developed during 1950s and 1960s. The new rural cooperative economic organizations are established and developed in the in process of developing socialist market economic system and the rural commodity economy, guided by the western rural cooperative economic theory, combined with China’s reality, in order to solve the problem that farmers’ individual operation is in disharmony with the general market. It is still based on the family-management system, adhering to the principle of the voluntariness of farmers. It does not affect the autonomy in production and management or the ownership of family property, but instead, it deepens and improves the household contract management system in a new sense to promote and improve the socialist market economic development.Xuzhou farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations have experienced the development process from few to more, from the single to the comprehensive, from the spontaneous to the specification, showing the four prominent features of wide coverage, new models, practices implementation and great effectiveness, of which the development has made considerable progress. However, compared to the development requirements of the agricultural productivity, to the requirements for the prosperity of rural economy, to the expectations of farmers, and to the practice performance of the advanced areas, they still have a long way to go, with some contradictions and problems to be urgently solved. If not solved well, these problems will directly restrict the healthy and benign development of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations of the whole city, and influence the income increase of farmers, efficiency improvement of agriculture, as well as the construction of a new socialist countryside. Therefore, The researchers specialized cooperative economic organizations of farmers in Xuzhou studying the current development status of Xuzhou farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations and raising some practical supportive proposals are importantly significant to solve the "three rural" issue, to speed up the process of agricultural industrialization, to develop the high quality, high yield, high-efficiency agriculture to realize the agricultural efficiency improvement, rural income increase and to promote the rural economic development.This paper started from Xuzhou’s actual situation, and surveyed dozens of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations, focusing on the analysis of typical cases. By means of the survey of the situation of Xuzhou farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations, the writer grasped the number, type and development status of Xuzhou farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations, analyzed the development history and the development characteristics of Xuzhou farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations, described the role and status of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations in rural economic development to identify the main problems in the operation process and raised the proposals and countermeasures for the further improvement of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作经济组织； 农民专业合作社； 徐州；

　　【Key words】 Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations； Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives； Xuzhou；