【摘要】 进入21世纪，世界各地自然灾害频繁爆发，并且出现了几十年不遇的极端异常天气。这些异常情况，在我国也屡见不鲜。这些灾害性天气，让我们深刻地认识到追求高增长给自然环境带来的严重破坏。20世纪末，吉林人民出版社出版了一套绿色经典文库，在总序中吴国盛指出：“我国经济正处在高增长时期，环境污染和生态破坏相当严重，环境状况不断恶化，但有关调查却显示，我国公众和学界的环境意识均非常欠缺。我们深感，弘扬绿色意识、倡导绿色观念、确立绿色伦理，是我们走向新世纪所面临的一个迫切而又艰巨的文化工程，中国的绿色事业任重而道远。”可直到今天，在高速增长的过程中，追求财富的“企业家”们，对环境的关怀依然少见行动。一轮又一轮的自然灾害与恶劣气候，在反复地提示人们：要关爱地球，关爱自然，关爱万物。正如卡洛琳·麦茜特所描述，“有毒的废弃物、杀虫剂和除草剂，渗透到地下水、沼泽地、港湾和海洋里，污染着盖娅的循环系统。伐木者修剪盖娅的头发，于是热带雨林和北部古老的原始森林以惊人的速度在消失，植物和动物的物种每天都在灭绝。人类与地球之间迫切需要一种新的伙伴关系。”这是1990年环境关注者发出的保护生态环境，保护整个星球的呼声，然而直到20年后的今天，这个问题依然没有被真正地关注和重视。新一轮的自然报复行动再次提醒人们要重新审视追求财富增长的发展方式，让人们重新审视人与自然之间的关系问题。2009年12月，世界气候大会在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开，会议的中心议题就是如何解决现有经济增长(发展)方式给人类的生存带来的灾难性后果和造成的严重的生态危机。这种追求高增长的生产方式已经对自然和环境造成严重的污染和空前的破坏，这种危机正严重地威胁着人类的可持续发展。在经历了几十年的探索和实践之后，我国农村建设与发展，取得了举世瞩目的成就。首先解决了十三亿中国人的吃饭问题，也为世界的粮食安全做出了突出贡献。我们在总结成绩的同时，又必须对中国农村、农业和农民有一个清醒的认识，因为“三农”问题将关乎着中国乃至世界未来发展走向和人类的可持续性。在世界环境危机、生态危机频繁爆发的今天，我们必须回归理性来寻找导致这些危机的根源。在理论与实践工作者们寻找的过程中，人们逐渐发现，农业作为生态修复功能的产业时代已经终结，现在为了实现人类(主要是发展中国家和部分土地稀缺的发达国家)的粮食安全，农业已经成为新的主要环境污染源，农业生产造成的资源浪费、环境污染和生态破坏已经到了相当严重的程度。《寂静的春天》里所描述的景象既生动又深刻。美国五十年前所出现的危险景象正陆续发生在我国粮食主产区。过量施肥，滥用农药，大量喷洒除草剂，对农业生态环境的破坏已经显现，对人类的健康已经造成了严重后果。这些对我们的生存环境造成如此严重的破坏来自于农民自我生存的需要，来自于西方科技文化的影响，也来自于农业农村落后现实的无奈。问题的解决，光靠技术进步无法实现，技术只能解决产量提高和资源利用效率问题，而无法解决如何利用资源和如何复活自然的问题；问题的解决，光靠农民自身也是无法实现的，因为农民作为不完善的市场经济行为主体无法自觉地关注人类的持续发展而放弃现有的生活方式，进而寻找存在极大风险的新的生存出路；问题的解决，光靠经济的方式也无法实现，经济的目标只关注利益，当一项新的选择没有更多的利益出现时，“理性”经济人不会选择这项新事物。所有这一切都需跳出传统的单向解决问题的思路，用更深层次的方式来寻求解决之道。而农村生态文化建设将为所有这一切问题的解决提供全新的思路和途径。农村生态文化建设将包括导引方向的精神文化、秩序规范的制度文化和具体实践的物质文化。在农村生态文化建设的理论与实践过程中，既要坚持马克思人与自然本质统一的和谐思想，又要发挥中华传统文化中“天人合一”的生存智慧，同时也要借鉴西方保护自然的环境伦理。并将马克思批判文化、中华传统主动适应文化和西方解决问题文化结合起来，建立起更具综合性的全新生态文化思想与发展战略，在理论与实践统合中努力前行，最终实现人与自然的真正和谐。生态文化就是人类按照生态规律而处理人与自然之间关系的生存方式，这种生存方式包括物质、制度和精神三个层面的内容。当前我国农村生态文化建设存在的主要问题是物质生态文化扭曲、制度生态文化建设缺失、精神生态文化建设空白。针对这些问题，结合生态文化建设的本质内涵，提出我国农村生态文化建设的路径及出路：将发展生态农业作为我国农业发展的方向选择，生态农业可以实现资源、环境、效率、效益兼顾；发展农民专业合作社(或综合农协)作为完善农村制度建设的有效形式，农民专业合作社发展过程中，既实现了创建初期的经济功能，更起到了农村社会大发展的社会功能和文化传承功能；发展人与自然和谐的精神文化作为农村文化发展的终极目标，只有全体成员懂得了人与自然、人与社会、人与自身和谐的精神，才能真正发挥建设主体的主观能动性，保证农村生态文化建设沿着正确的方向前进。建设中国农村生态文化，还要国家实行与这些路径相配套的保障措施才能确保其实现。确保农村生态文化建设的国家责任，缩小城乡差距；培养塑造生态化农民，保障农村生态文化建设主体的自觉行动；发扬中华传统文化的精髓，由家庭向自然地建设生态文化；追求文化自觉，保障农村生态文化建设的最终实现；协同推进新农村建设，优化农村综合环境是吸引优秀人才逆向流动的必然选择，新农村建设的整体推进，对于改善农村环境，提高农民福利是一个有效选择。农村经济社会的发展是一个复杂的系统工程，既不是单一的经济研究可解，也不是单一的社会学研究可解，既不是单一的金融学研究可解，也不是单一的管理学可解，既不是单一的技术进步可解，也不是单一的哲学思维可解，必须将农村作为一个整体进行系统研究。而农村生态文化作为一项包括物质、制度、精神三个层次内容的建设，可以涵盖农村经济社会发展的全视域，作为一项系统研究，农村生态文化建设初步给出了我国农村未来的发展方向和路径选择。

　　【Abstract】 In the 21st century, frequent natural calamity broke out around the world, andextreme weather in decades of abnormal arose. The situation also happened in ourcountry. The extreme weather bring us deep understanding to the pursuit of highgrowth to bring the serious destruction of the natural environment. At the end of 20th,Jilin People’s Press published a set of green classical articles, Wu Guosheng pointed inthe preface of the book,”our economy is in the state of increasing, environmentpollution and destruction are really serious, but according to the research our publicand academics are lack of the consciousness of environment protection. We deeplyknow that carry forward the green consciousness, Advocate green concept, Establishgreen ethics are the tough and pressing target we are confronting, Chinese greennesscareer is much still remains to be done.”However, in the state of economy increasing,the entrepreneurs still lack the action for environment protection, today. Naturalcalamity again and again alarmed human that we should protect our environment, loveour planet the creature on it. As Carolyn Merchant described,”The toxic waste,pesticides and herbicides, penetration into the groundwater, swamps, harbor and thesea, pollutes Gaia’s circulating system. From the clip of Gaia’s hair, and tropicalforests and the virgin forest of the ancient northern with surprising speed in disappear,plant and animal species extinction in every day. Human beings and the earth betweenare in desperate need of a new partnership. This is 1990 years from the environmentalconcerns to protect the ecological environment and protect the whole planet cry, butuntil 20 years later today, this problem is still not be truly concerned. A new round ofnatural revenge another reminds to review the development of the pursuit of wealthgrowth way, to let people to re-examine the relationship between man and nature. InSeptember of 2009, world climate conference held in the Danish capital Copenhagen,meeting the key issue that how to solve the existing economic growth (development)way to human survival bring disastrous consequences of and caused serious ecologicalcrisis. The pursuit of growth mode of production has been to nature and theenvironment caused by the serious pollution and unprecedented destruction, this crisisis a serious threat to the sustainable development of human beings. After decades of exploration and practice after, China’s rural construction anddevelopment, has obtained the remarkable achievements. First solve the problem of theone billion three hundred million Chinese people to eat, but also for the world foodsecurity made outstanding contributions. We at the conclusion of the result at the sametime, they must be on China’s countryside, agriculture and farmers have a clearunderstanding, because the " Three Rural Issues " questions about China and even theworld will be the future development trend and the human sustainability. In the worldthe environmental crisis, ecological crisis broke out frequently today, we must return tothe rationality to find the root of the crisis in these. In theory and practice, workerslooking for, in the process, people gradually found that agriculture as ecologicalrestoration of the time has come to an end industry function, now in order to realize thehuman (mainly developing countries and some land scarce developed countries) foodsecurity, agriculture has become the new main environment pollution, caused by theagricultural production waste of resources and environment pollution and ecologicaldestruction has come to quite serious degree. "Silent spring" in the description of thescene is lively and profound. The United States appears 50 years ago the dangerousscenes are also happened in major grain producing areas in China. Excessive fertilizer,misuse, pesticide, a large number of spraying herbicide, to the agricultural ecologicalenvironment destruction has appeared to the health of human beings have causedserious consequences. These to our survival environment cause so serious damagefrom peasants self necessity for survival, from the influence of the western science andtechnology culture, also come from rural reality agriculture helpless. To solve theseproblems, light depends on the technology progress can’t achieve, technology can onlysolve production problems and improve the efficiency of using resources, and can’tsolve how resources and how to natural problems raised; The solution of the problem,light by farmers own is also unable to realize, because farmers as imperfect marketeconomic agents is not consciously concern the sustainable development of human andgive up the existing way of life and find there is a great risk of new way out ofexistence. The solution of the problem, by the way the economy can’t do, because theeconomy target only pay attention to benefit, when a new choice no more benefits toappear, high "rational" economic man won’t make the choice. All these need to jumpout of the traditional one-way solving the problem, with a deeper level of way to lookfor the solution. While the rural ecological culture construction for all this will all settlement offer new ideas and approaches. Rural ecological culture construction toprovide direction will include the spirit culture, order maintenance system culture andthe concrete practice of the material culture. In the rural areas of construction ofecological culture theory and practice, we from Marx the nature of the relationshipbetween man and nature of unity to study natural, love life value survival method,want to 2500 years before the Confucius, Lao Zhuang, Guan Zi and so on greatthinkers, learning the "nature and humanity" survival wisdom, also can to westernecological center socialist ethical thinkers learning environment protection, the ideaand practice of, will be critical of Chinese traditional culture, Marxism adapt to theculture and the western culture together to solve problems, set up more comprehensivenew ecological culture development strategy, in theory and practice in concordendeavors, finally realizes the person and the natural great harmony.Ecological culture is human ecological law and processing according to thepeople and the nature of the relationship between the way of life, this way of lifeincluding material, system and spiritual three layers of content. The current ourcountry rural ecological culture the main problems existing in the construction ofecological culture is the material that is, ecological destruction, distortion systemecological culture construction as the government allowed, and a lack of spirit ofconstruction of ecological culture is blank moral deaf. To solve these problems, thecombination of construction of ecological culture essence, puts forward the path ofconstruction of ecological culture and way out: will the development of ecologicalagriculture as the agricultural development in China in the basic direction, ecologicalagriculture can realize resource, environment, efficiency and benefit both;Development of farmers’ professional co-operatives (or comprehensive’s peasantsassociate) as a perfect rural system construction of the necessary forms, farmers’professional co-operatives in the process of development, which achieves both createeconomic function of the early, more rose to rural social development and the socialfunction of cultural inheritance function; Development of the human and the natureharmonious spirit culture as the ultimate goal of development of rural culture, only allthe members know the man and nature, man and society, man and own a spirit ofharmony, can give full play to the construction of the main body of the subjectiveability sex, guarantee rural ecological culture construction in the correct direction.The construction of Chinese rural ecological culture, just know a choice path is not enough and they will state and the path of supporting security measures to ensurethat its implementation. Make the national responsibility of construction of ecologicalculture, so as to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas; Training modelecological farmers, guarantee rural ecological culture construction of main bodyconsciousness action; Carry forward the essence of Chinese traditional culture, thefamily to naturally construction of ecological culture; The pursuit of culturalconsciousness, to guarantee rural of construction of ecological culture finally realize;Overall in the new rural construction, optimize the overall rural environment ofattracting talent is the inevitable choice of reverse flow, whole advancement of theconstruction of new countryside, for improving the environment, to improve farmers’welfare is a effective choice.The rural economic and social development is a complicated system engineering,not a single economic study can be the solution, not a single sociology study can be thesolution, not for financial research, also is not a single management can be the solution,not a single technology for progress, and not a single philosophy thinking can be thesolution, must will rural as a whole system research. While the rural ecological cultureas a including material, system, spirit three levels of the construction of the content,can cover the rural economic and social development of the whole horizon, as asystematic research, rural ecological culture construction in China are givenpreliminary rural the future development direction and the path selection.

　　【关键词】 农村生态文化； 生态农业； 农民专业合作社； 人与自然和谐；

　　【Key words】 Rural Eco-culture； Ecological Agriculture； Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives； Harmony Between Human and Nature；