【摘要】 20世纪 90年代中期以来,中国农村新型合作社发展迅速,但存在不少问题,其中很大一部分与政府的行为有关。入世以来,全球化对中国农业的影响越来越明显。关注“三农”,迎接入世挑战,要求政府切实重视农村新型合作社的发展并在其中发挥积极的作用。笔者在拜访国内多位合作社研究专家和对河南、北京、山东、浙江四省市进行实地调查的基础上,通过对国内外农村合作社发展理论与实践的全面考察,尤其是对当前中国农村新型合作社现状及问题、政府在其中作用的成就与不足的研究分析,认为:中国农村新型合作社是继家庭联产承包责任制之后实现农业“第二次飞跃”的有效手段。它是改革开放过程中农民群众探索出的新集体经济的组织形式和经营方式,适应我国农业产业化和现代化要求,有着广阔的发展前景。立足中国国情和国际合作社发展趋势,深入探索适合当前新形势的有中国特色的农村新型合作社发展道路,有重要的理论和实际价值。我国正处于两个转型中,农村市场化程度和农民整体商品意识、文化水平、管理素质与西方相比还有相当大的差距,但随着社会经济发展和改革开放的深入会迅速提高。在此情况下,我国农村新型合作社的发展既不能走西方自下而上的道路,也不能走日本、印度那种自上而下的道路,而应该走政府支持下的自下而上的道路。在此发展过程中,党和政府要给予高度的重视,并在财政、信贷、税收等方面提供切实的支持。同时通过制定政策法规为这种支持提供制度上的保障。此外,要创造良好的外部环境,包括:彻底改造现有传统合作社,打破其特殊垄断地位,为真正农民合作社的发展开辟道路;明确新型合作社的政府主管部门;构建全国合作信用体系;健全市场经济体制,转变政府职能;加大对农业和农村的投入,加快农村公共事业的发展;建立农村保障体系和农业保险体系;加强国际交流与合作,实行有利于农业发展的国际政治经济政策等等。

　　【Abstract】 The new-style agricultural cooperatives have developed rapidly ever since the mid-1990s. However, there are numerous problems in their development, most of which are related to the behaviors of governments. The influence brought by globalization on Chinese agriculture has become more and more obvious since China’s entry to WTO. In order to solve the problems of “country/agriculture/peasants” and to meet the challenges of WTO, the government must pay much more attention to the new-style agricultural cooperatives and play an active role in their development. Based on many consults with experts in cooperatives and a comprehensive research on the new-style agricultural cooperatives in Beijing, Shandong, Henan and Zhejiang, and an extensive exploration into theories and historical practices of agricultural cooperatives at home and abroad, especially a deep analysis of Chinese current new-style agricultural cooperatives, the author will tentatively put forward the following suggestions: Following the family responsibility system,the new-style agricultural cooperative is becoming a good way in which china agriculture realize the second leap said by Deng Xiaoping.It is an effective form in organizing and operating new collective economy,which suits for industrialization and modernization of agriculture, and has bright prospects. According to the situation of China and the developing trend of international cooperatives, it is of great theoretical and practical value to deep explore a new developing route for the new-style cooperatives which fit current situation. Different from the western countries, China has been in the course of two transformations. Though there is still a huge gap occurring between China and western countries in the marketization of agriculture, farmers’ democratic consciousness, merchandise consciousness, management quality and culture level, they have improved much more than before, and will quickly improve with the further reformation in the future. Therefore, we should take neither the western route which was bottom up, nor the route taken by Japan and India which was top down. The route we attempt to adopt is the one in which the new-style agricultural cooperatives will develop bottom up under the governments’ support.In the development of new-type agricultural cooperatives, the Party and government should attach high importance on the development of new-style agricultural cooperatives, provide supports on finance, credit and taxation, and offer guarantee in terms of the policy and the legislation.Meanwhile, the Party and government should create a sound environment for the development of new-style agricultural cooperatives, which includes: 1) to thoroughly transform the traditional supply-distribution cooperatives and agricultural credit cooperatives, and to make way for the peasants’ own cooperatives; 2) to make sure who is in charge of new-style agricultural cooperatives in governments,to constitute credit cooperative system ; 3) to transform government’ roles, to perfect the market economy system, and to build a unitive market all over the country; 4) to increase the input in agriculture and accelerate the public projects; 5) to establish agricultural insurance system; 6) to reinforce international intercourse and cooperation, and to implement international political and economic policies which benefit agricultural development. etc.

　　【关键词】 农村新型合作社； 发展； 政府作用；

　　【Key words】 the new-style agricultural cooperatives； development； the government functions；