【摘要】 随着农业生产专业化和商品化程度的提高,弱小农户在与其他强大的市场主体竞争中的弱势地位日益明显,农民利益大量流失。为解决农户的小生产和大市场之间的矛盾,减少农民参与市场的竞争风险和不确定性,提高交易效率,就必须有一个能直接代表农民利益的组织充当农民和市场的中介,于是农村同类农产品的生产者和经营者以多种方式自愿组织起来了农民专业合作社,并且快速发展。然而,从总体上看,我国农民专业合作社的发展水平不高,存在着多方面的制约因素,其中,资金短缺问题尤其突出。农民专业合作社数量较多,资金缺口较大,仅仅依靠政府财政投入和农户自筹无法满足其资金需求,从长远来看,农村金融的信贷支持自然成为合作社发展的必然选择。但是,尽管多年来我国农村金融对农村经济的发展发挥了重要作用,当前农村金融对农民专业合作社的资金供给仍然严重不足,主要表现为资金供给数量少、供给结构错位、金融服务机构单一、服务效率低下等方面,限制了农民专业合作社的进一步发展。本论文以新制度经济学交易费用理论、制度变迁理论,银行信贷合约理论和信贷配给理论为主要分析工具,按照提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的思路,在详细梳理国内外相关文献的基础上,将理论分析和实证分析相结合,深入分析了农民专业合作社金融的支持现状,研究了农民专业合作社金融支持的制约因素,得出结论:造成我国农民专业合作社金融支持不足的直接原因是农村资金信贷部门对合作社贷款的机会成本高、合作社可抵押价值过低、银行放贷交易成本过高,而深层次的原因是合作社融资缺乏完备的政府制度保障,现行的农村金融制度也无法适应农民专业合作社的金融需求。通过对日本农村金融的借鉴,考虑到我国的现实情况,本文提出如下政策建议:转变政府角色,为农民专业合作社发展营造良好的政策环境;完善对农民专业合作社的贷款抵押担保和保险机制;建立适合农民专业合作社特点的信贷等级评定制度;国家对发放农民专业合作社贷款的金融机构给予扶持政策;深化农村信用社改革,将其建成真正的农村合作金融机构。

　　【Abstract】 Nowadays,with the agricultural manufacture mostly depends on market, the weak farmer families are placed in a disadvantaged position during the competition with other main bodies of strong market,because what they suffer great loss of benefits. In order to solve the contradiction between household small productions with the ever-changing large markets and reduce the risk, uncertainty during the peasants participating in the competition and raise a bargain efficiency,we must have an agency, which can on behalf of the peasants directly and sincerely. So, the farmer specialized cooperatives come out. However,generally speanking, the level of development of the farmer specialized cooperatives is low, the development of the cooperatives is restricted by multiple factors,especially the want of fund.The cooperatives have large shortfall in funds, just rely on government financial input and the limit investment of farmers is unable to meet their needs.So, In the long term, rural financial support will become an inevitable choice for the development of the cooperatives.Despite rural finance have played an important role on the development of rural economy, it still fails to meet the fund demands of the cooperatives,such as a small number of fund supply, inappropriate supply structure, lack of financial services institutions, low efficiency of financial services,which restrict to the further development of the cooperatives.The thesis takes new system economics and property economics as main analysis tool. According to the thought of raising, analyzing and solving problems, meanwhile,combining the way of theoretic analysis and demonstrational analysis,the thesis analyzes deeply the actuality of financial support on the farmerspecialized cooperatives,and investigates the restrict factors to its financing.Such conclusions can be drawn: the direct reasons of the shortage of financial support on the cooperatives are (1) rural credit sectors’profit-driven behavior,(2) few mortgages of the cooperatives and,(3) too high transaction costs of rural credit sectors;while the deep reasons are (1) the cooperatives lack of a comprehensive financing system support from the government,(2) the existing rural financial system can not adapt to the the cooperatives’financial needs.Reference to Japan’s experience in the development of rural finance, we can put forward such advice: strengthening of management training, technical training and cooperation education to the members of the cooperatives; establish the credit rating system that can fit to the characteristics of the cooperatives; improve the mechanisms of rural mortgage ,loan guarantees and insurance to the cooperatives; the government should adopt support policy to the financial institutions which offer loans to the cooperatives; deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives, build them to be the real rural cooperative financial institutions.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 农村金融； 政府； 银行信贷合约行为；

　　【Key words】 farmer specialized cooperatives； rural finance； government； commercial bank credit contract behavior；