【摘要】 国内外农业发展的实践经验表明，农业标准化作为现代农业的重要内容和显著标志之一，是促进农业产业化经营的重要技术基础，是解决“三农”问题、使农产品融入国际市场的必然选择，更是确保和提高农产品质量安全的有效途径。农业标准化工作一直受到党和国家的高度重视。但是目前我国在农业标准的实施方面依然存在诸多障碍，影响了农业标准化的实施效果。为了分析影响农业标准化实施的障碍因素，从实施主体行为的角度进行研究具有重要的现实意义。随着近年来我国农民专业合作社数量的迅速增加和生产规模的不断扩大，合作社已经成为目前我国农业标准化实施的一支重要力量，考虑到当前国内对于合作社农业标准化实施行为的研究成果较少，因此，本研究选择农民专业合作社作为研究对象，对其农业标准化实施行为和影响因素进行分析。本研究首先通过文献和资料分析，阐述了目前农业标准化的国内外研究现状、当前我国农业标准化的发展历程、发展现状及存在的问题以及目前我国农民专业合作社的发展现状和问题，为进一步的研究提供了理论和现实基础。为了具体分析合作社的农业标准化实施行为，本研究选择了陕西省苹果合作社作为具体的研究对象，通过对陕西省旬邑县、洛川县、白水县、凤翔县114家苹果合作社的问卷调研，研究了陕西省苹果合作社的农业标准化实施行为和影响因素。首先，运用描述性统计分析对陕西省苹果合作社的生产过程控制、产品及体系认证、标准化培训等相关实施行为和实施效果进行了总结概括，对陕西省苹果合作社的标准化实施现状有了一个初步的认识；在此基础上，通过建立计量模型，运用Logistic回归研究了对陕西省苹果合作社的农业标准化行为具有显著影响的内外部因素，模型分析结果显示，合作社的组织模式、种植规模、社员人数、内部控制程度等四个内部因素以及优质优价这一外部影响因素对合作社的农业标准化实施行为具有显著影响。研究结果表明，目前陕西省苹果合作社的农业标准化实施已经取得了一定的进展，其中政府扶持以及企业的带动对合作社实施农业标准化的作用非常显著，但是合作社在农业标准化实施过程中依然面临着资金匮乏、优质优价制度不完善等困难。最后，根据研究结论提出了推动合作社农业标准化实施的政策建议：进一步加强政府的扶持力度；拓宽融资渠道，解决合作社的资金难题；不断完善农资市场和农产品销售市场；引导龙头企业带动合作社发展；完善农产品检验检测体系。

　　【Abstract】 The domestic and foreign agricultural development experience shows that agriculturalstandardization as an important sign of the agricultural modernization is very important to advanceagricultural industrialization, ensure agro-food quality and safety, and solve the problems facingagriculture, rural areas and farmers. The Party and government attach great importance to agriculturalstandardization. But there are still many obstacles to the implementation of the agricultural standards,which affect the performance of the agricultural standardization. To analyze the factors which influencethe implementation of the agricultural standardization, it is very important to study from the perspectiveof the subject of agricultural standardization implementation. With the rapid development of farmercooperatives in China, cooperative has become a very important subject of agricultural standardizationimplementation. However, there are few studies on farmer cooperatives’ behaviors in implementingagricultural standardization. So, this study chooses farmer cooperatives as the object of study, andanalyzes its behaviors and factors influencing agricultural standardization implementation.Based on the overseas and domestic literature and data analysis, this study discusses the researchstatus at home and abroad and the history and the development status of agricultural standardizationimplementation and farmer cooperatives, which provides a theoretical and practical basis for furtherresearch. In order to analyze the farmer cooperatives’ behaviors in implementing agriculturalstandardization, this study took the apple cooperatives of Shaanxi as the specific object of study andcarried questionnaire survey on the114apple cooperatives in Xunyi, Luochuan, Baishui and Fengxiangin Shaanxi Province. First, this article summed up the main characteristics on the behaviors inimplementing agricultural standardization of the apple cooperatives by descriptive statistics analysis. Onthis basis, this study analyzed the internal and external factors influencing farmer cooperatives’behaviors in implementing agricultural standardization by Logistic regression. The results shows thatoperation mode, planting scale, the number of members and internal control degree are the four mostimportant internal factors, otherwise the principle of higher prices for better quality products is the mostimportant external factor.Through the above analysis, the apple cooperatives’ agricultural standardization implementation ofShaanxi Province has made some progress. The support of the government is very significant for thecooperatives to implement agricultural standardization. And the drive to the cooperatives from theenterprise is also significant to agricultural standardization implementation. But in the process ofimplementing agricultural standardization, the money and the market are the important difficulties to thecooperatives.Finally, based on the conclusion, this study put forward some suggestions for the cooperatives toimplement agricultural standardization. Such as strengthen the support of the government, broaden thefinancing channels to solve the problem of funds, perfect agricultural materials market and sales marketof agricultural products, encourage the enterprise to promote the cooperative and perfect agriculturalproduct inspection testing system.

　　【关键词】 农业标准化； 合作社； 苹果； 影响因素；

　　【Key words】 Agricultural standardization； Farmer cooperatives； Apple； Factors；