【摘要】 近年来，农民专业合作社的内部运行机制日益规范，发展的外部环境条件也不断改善。但随着《合作社法》的颁布实施，对农民专业合作社的发展提出了新的要求，这既是机遇也是挑战。因此，特别需要从整体上和实证上研究农民专业合作社的运营和管理问题。本研究从实证的角度对农民专业合作社的运营绩效进行研究，探讨影响农民专业合作社营运绩效的影响因素，并通过定量分析方法进行深入分析，提出农民专业合作社绩效评价方法并揭示农民专业合作社运营绩效的影响因素，从而为提升农民专业合作社营运绩效提供思路和路径，也有助于农民专业合作社的进一步发展和壮大。本文通过对沙县103个农民专业合作社进行问卷调查及访谈，描述其发展现状和问题，并对沙县农民专业合作社的运营绩效及其影响因素进行理论分析和实证研究，得到以下基本结论：①对沙县103家农民专业合作社调查显示，农民专业合作社的整体运营效率普遍不高，大多数农民专业合作社盈利返还机制不明晰；组织结构、内部制度不完善，管理不规范；规模偏小，经济实力不强；效益低，盈利能力差；市场适应力差，竞争力弱；带动农户力度与吸纳就业人数有限；发展具有区域局限；社区文化建设不强；②建立了包括11个指标的基于营运规模、营运过程和营运结果评价的农民专业合作社营运绩效评价指标体系。应用因子分析和主成分分析法对沙县10家较规范的农民专业合作社的绩效进行实证评价；③基于制度经济学理论和合作经济组织理论及委托代理理论分析了影响农民专业合作社营运效率的影响因子，在此基础上，基于沙县农民专业合作社的调查数据运用Logistic回归模型对农民专业合作社营运效率的影响因素进行实证研究；④基于研究提出了加大政府扶持，扩大经营范围和规模，加大引进人才力度，加强农产品要素市场建设，广开融资渠道，完善合作社运营机制等六点提升农民专业合作社营运绩效的对策建议。全文共分八章，第一章为绪论，主要是研究方案的设计，提出研究思路和可能的创新之处；第二章为本研究的主要理论基础，在界定相关概念的基础上，分析制度经济学理论、合作组织理论、委托代理理论、交易成本理论、绩效评价理论等在专业合作社绩效研究中的运用；第三章是沙县农民专业合作营运绩效的调查分析，通过调查对沙县农民专业合作社的营运绩效和发展现状进行描述性分析；第四章是沙县农民专业合作社运营绩效的评价的实证分析，本章在建立农民专业合作社绩效评价指标体系的基础上，主要通过因子分析法和主成分分析法对沙县农民专业合作社的运营绩效进行评价和分析；第五章是农民专业合作社运营绩效影响因素的理论分析，主要运用前述的理论对可能影响农民专业合作社运营绩效的因素进行分析；第六章是沙县农民专业合作社运营绩效影响因素实证分析，主要是在前述理论分析的基础上，应用多元回归方法对影响沙县农民专业合作运营绩效的因子进行筛选和分析；第七章是提升农民专业合作社运营效率的对策建议，主要是在对影响因子分析的基础上，提出针对性的对策建议；第八章是研究总结和进一步研究的方向。

　　【Abstract】 In recent years, the internal operation mechanism of the farmers’ professionalcooperatives are increasingly standardized, and the development of externalenvironmental conditions are also improved increasingly. However, with the"Cooperative Law" promulgated and implemented, the development of farmers’professional cooperatives high demands, which both opportunities and challenges.Therefore, it is necessary from a whole and empirical to research the operational andmanagement issues of the farmers’ professional cooperatives. This paper from anempirical perspective to research the operational performance of the farmers’professional cooperatives，and to explore the impact factors of operating performanceof farmers’ professional cooperatives, by quantitative analysis methods to analysisdeeply, and to put forward farmers’ professional cooperatives performance evaluationmethod and reveal the impact factors of operational performance of specialized farmercooperatives, so as to enhance the operating performance of specialized farmercooperatives to provide ideas and path, and also contribute to the further developmentof farmers’ professional cooperatives operating performanceIn this paper, by questionnaire survey and interviews103specialized farmercooperatives in Shaxian to describe the development status, and by theoreticalanalysis and empirical research about operating performance and influencing factorsof Shaxian farmers’ professional cooperatives, get the following basic conclusions:①T he103specialized farmer cooperatives in shaxian survey show that the overalloperational efficiency of the farmers ’professional cooperatives are generally not high,the farmers’ professional cooperatives of the return profitability mechanism is notclear; organizational structure and internal system is imperfect, the management is notstandardized; small-scale,economic strength is not strong; the low efficiency and poorprofitability; market resilience and competitiveness are weak; led farmers and absorbthe employment are limited; the development of regional is limited; communitycultural construction is not strong;②There is a farmers’ professional cooperativesoperating performance evaluation index system include11indicators based on thescale of operation, operating procedures and evaluation of results of operations. Bythe application of factor analysis and principal component analysis to empiricalevaluation the performance of Shaxian10specification of farmers’ professionalcooperatives;③Based on the system economics theory and cooperation economicorganization theory and the principal-agent theory, analyzes the impact factors offarmers’ professional co-operatives operation efficiency, and on this basis, based onShaxian farmers’ professional co-operatives survey data by using Logistic regressionmodel to empirical research influence factors of farmers’ professional co-operativesoperation efficiency;④Based on the research put forward six ascension farmers’professional co-operatives operating performance of countermeasures include that tostrengthen the government support, and to expand the business scope and scale,increasing efforts to introduce talents, strengthening the construction of agriculturalfactor market, get the financing channels, to perfect the cooperatives operatingmechanism and so on. This paper is divided into eight chapters:The first chapter is the introduction, themain research program designed to put forward ideas and possible innovations; Thesecond chapter are the main theoretical,and on the basis of defining the relevantconcepts to analyze the apply of the system of economic theory, cooperativeorganization theory, principal-agent theory, transaction cost theory, performanceevaluation theory in the professional cooperatives performance; The third chapter isanalysis of the operating performance of the Shaxian farmers ’specialized cooperative,through surveys to descriptive analysis Shaxian farmers’ professional cooperativesoperating performance and development status; The fourth chapter is the empiricalanalysis of Shaxian farmers’ professional cooperatives operating performanceevaluation, this chapter on the basis of performance evaluation index system offarmers’ professional cooperatives, mainly by factor analysis and principal componentanalysis to analyze the operational performance of Shaxian farmers’ professionalcooperatives; The fifth chapter is the theoretical analysis of effect factors of farmers’professional co-operatives operation performance,and use the theory to analyze thepossible effect factors of the farmers’ professional co-operatives operationperformance The sixth chapter is the empirical factor analysis of Shaxian farmers’professional co-operatives operation performance, and base on analysis of the theory,by multiple regression method to screening and analyzing the effect factors ofShaxian farmers’ specialized cooperative operating performance; The seventh chapteris to promote efficiency of the farmers’ professional co-operatives operation, base onthe analysis of effects factors, put forward pointed countermeasure; The eighthchapter is the research summarized and further research.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 绩效评价； 影响因素； 因子分析法； Logistic模型；

　　【Key words】 The effect factors of farmers’ professional； co-operatives performanceevaluation； Factor analysis method； Logistic model；