【摘要】 目前,农民专业合作社在我国建立、完善具有必然性的这一论点已经得到广泛认可,困扰学术界和相关部门的问题是如何最快最好地将这种必然性转化为现实。国内学者大多从宏观层面或外于合作组织、农户的第三方角度来对我国农民专业合作社的发展状况进行分析描述,并且提出了一系列相关建议和意见,但很少有学者深入分析农民主体或农户对于合作社创建、发展所产生的影响。笔者认为农民专业合作社的创建者、参与者和受益者都是农户,农户在组织中是居于主导地位的,因此对农户的需求和经济行为的分析应是当前研究的核心,从中可以寻找到我国农民专业合作社发展滞后的根本原因,探索如何打破农户因素对于合作社的限制影响作用,释放农民主体对于合作的需求,并将这种需求有效化的方法。本文围绕这几个问题进行研究,具体内容如下所述。第一章,介绍了选题的背景、目的和意义,综述了国内外一些学者对于农民专业合作社理论与实践的研究成果,并确立了自己的研究思路与方法。第二章,首先对与农民专业合作社相关的几个概念进行界定,明确本文的研究对象;其次,从功能、产权、治理和利益分配四个方面对我国现有农民专业合作社的发展现状进行概述,得出的结论是:合作社应有的功能无效、缺失,并随着合作社的分化呈现出异化趋势;合作社内部产权结构不合理,股金集中度高,股权集中化、资本化现象明显;由于创建主体多元化,采取机关化、官僚化的管理模式,合作社内部人控制现象严重;同时,合作社发展长期处于无章可循的状况,其利益分配形式不适宜自身发展实际,导致合作社缺乏动力。第三章,利用实地调查杨凌示范区农民专业合作社与农户得到的相关信息,系统分析了农户的合作意愿与合作行为。得到的结论是:非正式组织对农户参与合作具有促进和阻碍的双重作用,同时农户经常依赖感知做出合作与否的非理性决策,而在理性决策中则受到来自自身和合作社各参与方的因素影响,这些因素形成了一个多级递阶的作用系统,其中,同、异质农户排在最高的作用层次,而农户自身的文化、年龄等因素排在最底层。第四章,通过农户打分,运用AHP方法对农民专业合作社相对农户需求的功能重要度进行评价,得到农户对于合作社销售、加工、金融和生产四个主要功能及16个子功能的需求排序,揭示了农民专业合作社功能完善与发展方向。第五章,针对前几章的分析,明确了我国农民专业合作社的发展是一个循序渐进的过程,首先要转变农民的一些保守、错误思想;其次,针对农户的需求对合作社组织结构与组织战略进行设定,最后,围绕合作社利益相关者应发挥的作用进行说明。第六章,对本文进行了概括总结,同时借鉴日本、以色列的经验,提出我国农民专业合作社应逐渐向综合型合作社发展的构想。

　　【Abstract】 Presently, the necessity that farmers’cooperatives will be constructed and consummated has been accepted widely in China. However, the problem is how to transfer the necessity into reality effectively and efficiently, which obstructs the academics and relative departments. Most domestic scholars have studied the development situation of farmers’cooperatives from the macroscopic levels or the angle of third-party out of organization and peasant households, and put forward a series of suggestions and opinions, nevertheless, less scholars analyzed profoundly the influence from peasant households or farmers to the construction or development of farmers’cooperatives. The author considers that peasant households who are the constructers, participants still beneficiaries should be the leaders in the organizations. Consequently, the research about peasant households’demands and economic behaviors is center of present study,in which we can find the basic reasons for sluggish development of farmers’cooperatives, on which explore how to break the restriction from peasants factors, release and effectuate peasants’demand. The paper studied the above problems, which specific contents are as follows:In the chapter 1, introduce the background, objective and significance, summarize the research findings about farmers’cooperatives’theories and practice from home and abroad scholars, moreover establish my own research thoughts along with methods.In the chapter 2, firstly, definite some conceptions correlative farmers’cooperatives, and confirm the paper’s research object; secondly, summarize development situation of farmers’cooperatives in the respects of function, property right, governance form and profit distribution, and proclaim a series of problems in the circulation of farmers’cooperatives, including that the functions of cooperatives are invalid and imperfect, and present an alienation trend along with the dividing of cooperatives; within the unreasonable ownership structure of cooperatives, capital concentration is of high level with apparent phenomenon of capitalization; as the diversification of creation, the cooperatives take authority and bureaucratic management model , in which the phenomenon of inner controlling is serious; at the same time, the profit distribution form doesn’t adapt development situation, which causes the lack of development power of cooperatives in the long-term situation having no chapter to follow.In the chapter 3, utilize the information from field survey of Yangling agriculture demonstration area’s farmers’cooperatives and peasants’households to analyze peasants’cooperation inclinations and behaviors, and the conclusions are as follows: the informal organizations take on double actions of promotion and obstruction. At the same time, farmers often make irrational decisions to take part in or not depending on apperceive. While, farmers are usually influenced by their own factors added other participants of cooperatives in rational decision, which forms a multilevel system, in which the same and different households factors is the highest level, however education level added age factors is in the lowest level.In the chapter 4, through the analysis of the above chapters, we can include that the development of farmers’cooperatives is a process of step by step, which needs peasants to change conservative and incorrect ideas, and devise the organization framework and strategy of farmers’cooperatives, in addition explain the function of profit correlative parties should bring into play.In the chapter 6, firstly, summarize the contents of the paper. Secondly, drawing on the experiences of Japan and Israel, put forward that the development of farmers’cooperatives should transfer from specialized to global model gradually.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 合作意愿； 功能重要度评价；

　　【Key words】 Farmers’ cooperatives； cooperation inclination； cooperation behaviors； farmers’ demand； evaluation of functions’ importance； function constructing；