【摘要】 农民专业合作社是一种新型的市场主体,已经成为当今世界各类合作社中发展最快、普及最广的合作组织。以农民专业合作社的组织形式,能够通过产前、产中、产后的配套服务,帮助农民不断扩大经营规模,实行标准化生产,提高产品质量,推动农产品加工升级和出口,在农户与市场之间架起一道顺畅的产品销售桥梁,能有效保护农民利益,并推动农业生产走上了专业化、商品化和现代化道路,进而有效解决小生产与大市场的矛盾。基于农民专业合作社的积极意义,我国各级政府大力推动其建设和发展,并于2007年7月1日开始实施了《农民专业合作社法》。截至2011年第三季度末,我国依法注册登记的农民专业合作社达48.43万家,实有入社农户3870多万户,农民专业合作社已发展成为农村地区的第四大市场主体,成为近几年农村改革发展中的一大突出亮点。

　　在面对国际金融危机的严重冲击、自然灾害的重大考验、农产品市场异常波动等各种不利影响下,农民专业合作社作为“小农民和大市场间的桥梁”的作用有了新的推手——“农超对接”。2008年12月5日,商务部与农业部联合下发《关于开展农超对接试点工作的通知》(商建发[2008]487号),正式启动了“农超对接”的相关试点。之后，中央各部门及地方政府乂出台了一系列文件，明确提出了要全面推进“农超对接”的幵展，并对其相关试点丄作做出了工作指导。在大力推行“农超对接”的背景下，也给农民专业介作社的发展带来了新的机遇和挑战。

　　在内容结构安排上，本文首先梳理了合作经济思想的发展过程、农民专业合作社的若干基本问题，阐述了中国农民一令业合作社发展的历史和现状，通过介绍国外典型的农民合作社的发展状况总结其经验启示。其次，在概括介绍“农超对接”基本情况的基础上，分析了推出“农超对接”现实上的必要性和经济学理论上的可行性，以及现阶段“农超对接”的发展状况。再次，分析了在“农超对接”新形式，农民专业合作社的发展出现了新的机遇，如获取政府政策的支持、获取配套财政资金的扶持、享受“农超对接”过程，的税费优惠、获取多方面的经济利益并增加农产品的品牌效应等;同时，农民专业合作社的发展也面临新的挑战，诸如现代化的经营管理理念、超市采购标准、市场化的交易谈判力一式等。最后，文中分别从政府的保障推动措施、超市的协同促进措施以及农民专/I卜合作社的自我完沂措施几个方而对“农超对接”形式下促进农民专业合作社进一步发展提出了改进的对策思路。

　　本文主要采用归纳总结法、定性定量分析法、类比分析法和案例分析法相结合的方法进型论述。

　　在内容的创新点上，第一，“农超对接”是2008年底才开始实行的一个新项日，本文是首次系统地探讨在“农超对接”新形式下农民专业合作社发展状况的；第二，“农超对接”涉及到农户、农民专业合作社和超市三个主要的主题，本文以农民专业合作社为主体，全面归纳分析了在这一新形式下其发展会面临的新机遇和新挑战;第三，“农超对接”是增加农民收入并促进农民专业合作社走向规模、走向现代化、走向市场的一种重要发展方式，因此本文提出必须通过不断优化外部政策条件、促进自我完善等多方面来保障农民专业合作社的健康、较快发展。

　　【Abstract】The Farmers' Specialized Cooperative, a new marketing player, has grown to be the fastest-growing and the widest-popular organization among various types of cooperatives in the world, spreading over 160countries and regions. Through a series of before, during and after supporting services, this kind of organization could help farmers constantly expand operation scale, implement standardized production, improve product quality and promote agricultural products processing and export. By means of building up a product-selling bridge between the farmers and the market, the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative will effectively protect farmers' interests, and promote agricultural production to be professional, commercialized and modernized, and then effectively solve the contradictions of small-scale production and large market. Since the Farmers1 Specialized Cooperative has positive significance, the government vigorously pushes forward its construction and development. And on July 1st 2007, the Fanners' Specialized Cooperatives Law was put into force.

　　In the face of various adverse effects generated by international financial crisis, natural disasters, abnormal fluctuation in agricultural market and so on, there came a new change in the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative, being the Farmer-supermarket Direct-connection. From Dec. 2008, the central and local governments had issued a series of government documents, clearly showing that they would promote the direct-connection at full stretch and make instructions to related experimental work.

　　From the reality, this article regarding on the Farmer-supermarket Direct-connection, mainly analyzes the new opportunities and challenges the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative in China would meet in the process of development, and proposes some improvement countermeasures from three aspects, like the supporting and promoting measures from government, the cooperative actions from supermarkets and self-improvements from the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative itself.

　　By synthetically applying inductive method, qualitative and quantitative analysis method, analogy analysis and case analysis method, through analyzing the practice process of Farmer-supermarket Direct-connection, in this paper I elaborated the historical and current development of the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative and the Farmer-supermarket Direct-connection, discussed the new opportunities and new challenges the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative would face under the background of Farmer-supermarket Direct-connection, and based on this I put forward countermeasure proposal for the further development of the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative.

　　【关键词】 合作经济； 农民专业合作社； 农超对接；

　　【Key words】Cooperative economy；the Farmers' Specialized Cooperative；the Farmer-supermarket Direct-connection