【摘要】 农民专业合作社是农民之间,通过一定的生产资料或劳动力联合组成一种特殊的企业形式,是当前各国推动农业生产,实现农业增收的有效手段。合作社在国外已有一个多世纪历史,理论与实践经验都已经非常成熟。与之相比我国的合作社起步较晚,且长期都没有得到重视,因此,我国的农民专业合作社发展还存在许多的不足,尤其是在经济相对落后中、西部地区,问题表现的更加突出。

　　本文从我国农民专业合作社的基础理论入手,运用制度变迁理论对合作社的管理原则及其运作机制的演变进行分析。而后以中部的一个县级市的合作社的发展状况为研究对象,在描述整体的发展情况基础上,对其运行机制及存在的问题进行深入探讨。此外,为借吸收外国的先进经验,本文还分析了国外的几种典型发展模式,并对其发展经验进行了总结。

　　经过前面的分析,本文得出：政府要为合作社的发展创造一个良好的发展环境,应当在政策、资金与技术方面给予必要的支持与帮助。同时,合作社的发展与壮大更离不开内在机制的不断完善,要根据实际情况,积极探索出一条符合自身发展的道路。

　　【Abstract】The farmer specialized cooperative is a special form of enterprise in which farmers combined their means of productions and labors，what's more, it is also an effective means to promote agriculture production and incomes. The farmer specialized cooperative have been applied in foreign countries for more than a century, thus the foreign countries has already formed mature theoretical and practical experiences. However, the farmer specialized cooperative was established relatively late in china and has received inadequate attention for a long time, it is still exists many inadequacy, the situation is even worse in the backward central and west area of china.

　　Firstly, based on the fundamental theories of the farmer specialized cooperative in china, this paper analyzes the management principles and operational mechanism of it through institution change theory. And then, a research will be done on a farmer specialized cooperative in the central area of china, through introducing the development situation of it, the study will discuss the shortage of the farmer specialized cooperative thoroughly through. In additional, to absorb foreign advanced experience, the paper also analyzes and summarizes several typical type of the farmer specialized cooperatives in foreign countries.

　　Through above analysis, a conclusion was reached, the government plays an important role in the development of the farmer specialized cooperation, it should offer help and support in policy, funds and technology. Moreover, the farmer specialized cooperative should also improves its mechanism, and find a better road to development according to its own condition.

　　【关键词】 合作社； 运行机制； 运作研究；

　　【Key Words】the farmer specialized cooperative; operational mechanism; operational research