【摘要】 在农户家庭经营的基础上发展农民专业合作组织,是提高农户的组织化程度,解决农户的小生产与大市场间矛盾,培育新的市场竞争主体,实现农业产业化经营的有效途径。河南作为农业大省,农村人口高达7000万,耕地总面积792.64万公顷,发展农民专业合作组织,带动农民增收、农村发展、农业增效,对于加快城乡一体化进程,促进中原区建设具有举足轻重的作用。《农民专业合作社法》颁布实施以来,农合组织的飞速发展有了坚实的法律支撑,2011年底,农民专业合作组织总量共计达到34464家,是2007年农民专业合作组织总量的4.1倍,但在农民专业合作组织的发展过程中仍存在很多问题,普遍问题是生产规模小,抗风险能力低。据河南省工商管理局2011年底的统计数据显示,50户以下规模的农民专业合作组织占比高达96.7%。笔者在考察中发现,部分合作社空有其名、组织规章制度流于形式、农闲季节处于半解散状态。农民专业合作组织的服务内容常年停留在统购统销环节,对农户的带动能力有限,农户参与合作组织的积极性不高。

　　近几年来,河南省农村生产状况发生了一些新的变化。劳动力大量对外转移,造成务农劳动力以妇女和老人为主,劳动能力减弱、农村出现撂荒现象；农民专业合作组织由于资金短缺发展后劲不足，服务农业的金融机构纷纷出台贷款政策，出现了由担保机构充当中介的贷款机制；国家扶持农民专业合作组织的政策环境得到改善，首次允许外国资本介入农民专业合作组织。

　　针对河南省农民专业合作组织出现的问题和面临的新情况，本文从农民专业合作组织的参与主体：合作组织自身、农户和政府三个角度出发，提出了促进农民专业合作组织健康快速发展的对策建议，如坚持合作组织组建形式多样化，发展劳动合作社、土地合作社和资金合作社等多种形式的农民专业合作组织；鼓励科研院所、高校和大学生等多种新型领办主体发起成立农民专业合作组织。同时，明确了农民专业合作组织和政府的身份及目标定位。即农民专业合作组织既是合作互助组织，又是经营实体，以对内开展服务和对外赢利为目标；在农民专业合作组织的发展过程中，政府应起到引导作用，而非主导、控制其发展。

　　【Abstract】In their household management on the basis of the development of farmers' specialized cooperative organizations, is to foster new competition in the market main body, solve the contradiction between small-scale production and large market effective way, but also improve the institutionalization of the farmer, to promote agricultural industrialization process in an effective way. Henan as a big agricultural province, the rural population up to 70 million, 7.9264 million hectares of arable land, farmers' specialized cooperative organizations, drive the farmers' income, the rural development, agricultural efficiency, to speed up the process of integration of urban and rural areas, promote the construction of vital role. Law on farmers' professional cooperatives has been issued and implemented, farmers' specialized cooperative organizations into the rapid development period, by the end of 2011, farmers' specialized cooperative organizations in total achieves 34464, is 2007 farmers' specialized cooperative organizations of the total amount of 4.1 times, but in the farmers' specialized cooperative organizations in the development process of still has a lot of problems. Generally the problem is small production scale, the ability to resist risk low. According to Henan province administration of industry and commerce of the statistics show that by the end of 2011, 50 families of the following scale farmers' specialized cooperative organizations accounted for more than 96.7%. The author in the investigation found that part of the cooperatives empty have the names of rules and regulations, organization form now, in the season at half dissolved state. Farmers' specialized cooperative organizations the service content of the perennial stay in Tong Xiao links in the farmer drive ability is limited, farmer participation in cooperation organization's enthusiasm is not high.

　　In recent years, Henan rural production situation happened some new changes. Large foreign labor transfer, farming labor to women and the old man is given priority to, labor ability is abate, rural appeared abandoned phenomenon; Farmers' specialized cooperative organizations due to the shortage of capital development in the future is insufficient, service of agricultural financial institutions have issued lending policies, appeared by guarantee agencies ACTS as an intermediary loan mechanism; The state shall support the farmers' specialized cooperative organizations policy environment improved, first allowed foreign capital intervention in the farmers' specialized cooperative organizations.

　　Farmers' specialized cooperative organizations in Henan province on the problems and facing the new situation, this article from the farmers' specialized cooperative organizations participating subject: the cooperation organization oneself, farmers and government three Angle, puts forward the farmers' specialized cooperative organizations to promote the healthy and rapid development of countermeasures, such as insist on cooperation organization form various form, the development of labor cooperatives, land cooperatives and capital cooperatives, and other forms of farmers' specialized cooperative organizations; Encourage scientific research institutes, universities and college students and so on many kinds of new Ling Ban subject sponsored by farmers' specialized cooperative organizations. At the same time, made clear the farmers' specialized cooperative organizations and the government's identity and locating the target. That farmers' specialized cooperative organization is not only of mutual cooperation organization, it is business entity, to carry out internal and external service profit as the goal, Government guide and not farmers' specialized cooperative organizations.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作组织； 河南省； 合作社；

　　【Keywords】Farmers' specialized cooperative organizations Henan province Cooperative