【摘要】 土地是人类社会赖以生存和发展的最基本的资源，是农业发展的基础，是农民生存之本。上世纪80年代以来，随着我国农村土地承包经营制度的实施以及农村剩余劳动力的大量转移，城乡发展步伐和农业现代化进程的加快，农村土地承包经营权开始在农户之间自发地流转，到现在己经初具规模。农村土地承包经营权流转虽不是一个新生事物，从1988年我国宪法修正案第一次允许农村土地流转开始算起，它己走过了20多年的历史，但我们也认识到，当前，我国农村土地流转仍然处于转型时期，由于种种原因，目前农村土地流转进程缓慢，影响了农业现代化和农村经济的持续健康发展，这就需要我们进一步加强对农村土地承包经营权流转问题的研究，推动各项问题的有效解决，推进农村经济又好又快发展。

　　本文通过运用文献资料法、实地考察法、比较分析法、系统分析法等研究方法，在分析国内外专家学者关于农村土地承包经营权流转研究现状基础上，以地租和产权理论为指导，立足嘉兴市农村土地承包经营权流转实践，介绍了流转工作现状、主要流转模式、特点及政府在推进农村土地流转过程中的主要做法，分析了存在的主要问题，具体包括：农民参与农村土地流转的积极性不高、农村土地流转服务体系发育不足、现代农业经营主体发展滞后、土地流转价格总体偏高、流转土地“非粮化”趋势明显等，分析了出现这些问题的原因，即农民对土地的依附性仍然较强、农村土地产权关系模糊、分散承包机制导致地块细碎化、农业生产经营风险仍然较大、农村社会保障体系不健全等，并在学习借鉴广东省中山市、山东省枣庄市、浙江省湖州市等国内先进地区经验做法基础上，从政府管理的角度，提出了促进嘉兴市农村土地承包经营权流转的对策建议，具体包括：强化政策扶持和引导、健全土地流转服务体系、创新农村土地流转方式、培育农村土地流转主体、完善农村社会保障体系等，以期为进一步完善农村土地承包经营权流转制度，加快推进农村土地承包经营权流转工作提供一定的理论指导。

　　【Abstract】Land is the most fundamental resource to the survival and development of mankind, as well as the foundation of agriculture and the livelihood of peasants. Since 1980s, along with the initiation of our rural land contractual management practice and massive relocation of surplus labor in the rural area as well as the acceleration of urban and rural development and modernization of agriculture, the rural land contractual management right had been transferring between the peasant households spontaneously, and begin to take shape nowadays. The transfer of rural land contractual management right had been carried on for more than 20 years since its initiation had been permitted by the Constitutional Amendment of China in 1988, though we should acknowledge that it is still in the period of reforming. For a variety of reasons, the transfer in the rural areas goes on tardily at the moment, thus the negative impact on the course to a sustained and health development of rural economy and agricultural modernization, which is why we should make further efforts to find out and solve the problems, so that the rural economy can develop efficiently.

　　Guided by the Theory of Rent and Property Rights, based on the systematic analysis to the research of the current situation of rural land contractual management right transfer from home and abroad and the transfer practice in Jiaxing, we applied methods such as documentary, field survey, comparative analysis, systematic analysis etc. to introduce comprehensively the current situation, the modes and features of the transfer, what practice the government takes in promoting the transfer, and sort out problems like fledgling rural transfer system, laggard subject in the management of modern agriculture, high cost and the “non-agriculture” trend of the transferred land leads the peasants reluctant to participate, etc. To solve these problems, we concluded that the causes to these problems are like high land-dependency of the peasants, obscure demarcation to the relations of rural property rights, land contract decentralize practice, high risks in agricultural production and management, unsound rural social security system, etc. Also, based on the reference to the practices conducted by governments of Zhongshan City in Guangdong, Zaozhuang City in Shandong, Huzhou City in Zhejiang, we bring forward advices in the aspect of governmental management, including enhancive policy support and guidance to make a sound rural land transfer service system and rural social security system, with the hope to provide certain theoretical direction to the further perfection of rural land contractual management right transfer system and acceleration of promotion to the rural land contractual management right transfer practice.

　　【关键词】 农村土地； 承包经营权； 流转； 对策；

　　【KEY WORDS】rural land, contractual management right, transfer, strategy