【摘要】随着农村经济的发展,农村合作经济组织逐渐成为农业发展的历史必然。农民专业合作社作为一个联合组织形式,相较单个农户,具有较大的规模经济、较强的市场开拓能力,可以有效节约交易成本、增加农民收入等优势,对发展农村经济有着非常重要的作用。

　　在我国,农民专业合作社已有20多年的发展历史了,目前已得到了初步发展。2006年《农民专业合作社法》的出台,进一步推动了我国农合社的快速发展。山东省作为农业大省,农民专业合作社的发展水平和规模相较于其他省份在国内也名列前茅,但是相较于国外发达国家,比如美国、日本等,发展水平还相对落后,基于此,文章从产生诱因、组织结构、运行管理机制、农户参与方式、主要类型、主要服务、盈利性以及利润分配方式等方面比较了国内外农合社的发展现状,列举了日本农协组织、美国大杏仁蓝钻组合、中国小岗村、山东省寿光蔬菜基地等例子,使我们对农民专业合作社有更直观的认识,同时对我省农民专业合作社的发展有一定的借鉴意义。

　　本文的主要出发点是农民专业合作社的收益,从专业化的研究角度出发。文章涉及到专业化的界定、专业化的进程,农民专业合作社的含义、合作主体、影响因素等;然后,重点对农民专业合作社进行效率分析,本文指出农合社的经济效益主要有:提高生产效率、降低交易成本、实现规模经济、降低农业的经营风险。除此之外,文章对山东省农民专业合作社的发展现状、存在问题、影响因素等均进行了阐述,提出目前农合社发展的瓶颈:农户的积极性不高,本文通过对山东省六地市发放调查问卷的形式进行实地调研,对影响农户参与农合社的各因素进行计量分析,结果表明:农民的文化程度、劳动能力、家庭经营土地规模、机会成本和政府的扶持政策对农户的参与意愿有较强的正相关关系,其他因素的相关性不强或者无法确定,此结果为山东省政府制定农业政策提供了理论依据,有一定的学术价值和现实意义。

　　文章的研究目的是丰富农民专业合作社的研究成果,提出有利于山东省农民专业合作社发展的政策建议,为山东省农村经济做贡献,并在文章的最后提出发展山东省农民专业合作社的两点任务,主要是加深专业化教育和促进农民参与合作,根据这两点任务,提出发展山东省农民专业合作社的具体任务,除此之外,加强政府政策支持。

　　【Abstract】With the development of the rural economy, rural cooperative economic organizations become the historical necessity of the agricultural development gradually. The history of foreign farmer specialized cooperatives has more than 200 years. As a joint form of organization, compared to individual farmer, farmer specialized cooperatives have economies of scale and strong marketing capability. They can reduce the transaction costs and increase farmers' income and so on. Farmer specialized cooperatives have a very important role in the development of rural economy.

　　Farmers' specialized cooperatives also have 20 years of developing history in China. The introduction of〈Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives Act〉in 2006 further promote the rapid development of Chinese farmers' specialized cooperatives. Shandong Province is a major agricultural province. The developing level and size of the farmers' professional cooperatives compared to other provinces in the country is the best. But compared with developed countries, such as the United States, Japan,the level of development is relatively backward, Based on the case, the article compared domestic and international agricultural development status on the resulting incentives, organizational structure, operation and management mechanism, participatory approach of the farmer, the main types, the main service, profitability, and the profit distributionthe methods, citing the Japanese Agricultural organization,Almonds Blue Diamond combinations, Xiaogang Village, Shouguang Vegetable Base. We have more intuitive understanding of the development of specialized farmer cooperatives. There is a certain reference significance to the development of the farmers' professional cooperatives in Shandong province.

　　The main starting point is the income of the farmers' professional cooperatives, starting from a professional point of view. The article related to the definition and the process of specialization, the meaning cooperative subjects of specialized farmer cooperatives, and influencing factors; Then, the article focus on the efficiency analysis of farmers' professional cooperatives, this article pointed out the economic benefits of farmers' professional cooperatives,they can increase productivity,reduce transaction costs, achieve economies of scale, reduce operational risks in agriculture.In addition, the article describes the development status /problems and affecting factors of the farmers' professional cooperatives in Shandong Province. The article asked the currently the development of agricultural co-social bottleneck: low enthusiasm of the farmers in this article to conduct field research by the Shandong Province. I have had the field research through the issuance of a questionnaire about the impect factors of farmers participate to six cities in Shandong Province, The results showed that: the farmers' education level, farmers' ability to work, family-run land size, the opportunity costs of agricultural production, supportive government policies on farmers' willingness to participate have a strong positive correlation, other factors can not be determined, this result provides a theoretical basis for the Shandong provincial government to develop agricultural policies, there are certain academic value and practical significance.

　　The purpose of the article is riching the research results of farmers' professional cooperatives, and put forward policy proposals conducive to the development of specialized farmer cooperatives in Shandong Province to contribute to the rural economy of Shandong Province. And at the end of the article, the author asked two tasks of developing the farmers 'professional cooperatives in Shandong Province: to deepen the specialized education and promoting of farmers' participation and cooperation, According to these two tasks, I proposed specific tasks for the development of farmers' professional cooperatives in Shandong Province, in addition, we should strengthen policy support of government.

　　【关键词】农民专业合作社;专业化;合作社

　　【Keywords】Farmers' Professional Cooperatives; Specialization; Cooperati