【摘要】 随着农村市场经济的不断转型,农业逐渐走上了市场化、产业化和专业化的发展道路,农民专业合作社便应运而生。近年来,农民专业合作社作为农村经济发展的重要载体也日益呈现出广阔的发展前景,不仅成为联接小农户与大市场的纽带,也为农民增收、农业增产带来了新的助推力,而且其产生和发展对于建设现代农业以及社会主义新农村都具有重要的现实意义。而蔬菜作为人们日常生活的必需品,人们对其质量和安全性要求不断提高,因此蔬菜专业合作社的发展和壮大显得尤为重要。湖北省气候温润、降水充足,具备蔬菜种植生长的天然资源优势,蔬菜产业的发展也取得了丰硕的成果。本研究通过对湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的绩效调查和实证分析,一方面从宏观上把握湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的发展现状,另一方面从微观的角度分析蔬菜专业合作社的绩效及其影响因素,有利于解决家庭经营制度在农户经营层次上存在的规模小、交易费用高、竞争实力弱等问题,提高农民进入市场的组织化程度,促进菜农增收,对湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的健康高效发展也具有现实的指导意义。

　　本文以合作理论、交易成本理论、现代组织理论以及绩效评价理论等为理论指导,围绕合作社绩效这个核心,把握理论与实践相结合的研究理念,采用定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范分析与实证研究相结合等多种方法,对湖北省蔬菜专业合作社进行了全面而深入的研究,最后得出相应的结论。

　　本文从蔬菜产业发展背景出发,分析了目前湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的发展模式、功能以及发展特征。归纳得出湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的发展模式主要有龙头企业带动型、能人带动型、产业主导型、技术依托型和政府推动型这五种类型。蔬菜专业合作社的发展也呈现出数量增长速度快、典型示范建设良好等特点。随着政府扶持力度的不断加大,合作社开始向联合社发生转变,通过资源的合理整合和最优化配置,合作社将逐步发展为一个规范化、标准化和集团化的行业龙头组织。

　　本研究选取了湖北省十个相对典型的蔬菜专业合作社进行了实地调研,通过建立绩效评价指标体系并运用层次分析法对调查的数据资料进行实证研究。研究发现合作社的总体绩效都相对不高,而且大多数的蔬菜专业合作社的发展都在经济贡献、社会贡献和组织发展三者间失衡。而整体绩效相对较高的合作社的共同点归纳起来主要有：经济效益相对较高；社会贡献相对较大；组织完善程度相对较高；可持续发展潜力相对较大。另外,对湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的绩效影响因素进行分析发现,影响其绩效高低的原因主要包括组织内部因素和外部环境因素两个方面。而组织内部因素主要包括合作社的规模偏小,发展形式比较单一、合作层次偏低,利益联结不紧密和社员的综合素质不高三个方面。外部环境因素主要包括政府的支持力度薄弱、合作社的融资十分困难和宣传力度不够三个方面。

　　基于规范分析与实证研究,本文针对目前湖北省蔬菜专业合作社的发展提出了相应的政策建议,包括：(1)完善利益联结机制,逐步提高合作层次；(2)加大政府的扶持力度,优化发展环境；(3)强化宣传,提升影响力；(4)健全各项制度,规范内部管理；(5)加强试点示范,培育典型榜样。

　　【Abstract】With the continuous transformation of the rural market economy, agriculture is gradually embarked on a path of development of the market, industry and professional, farmers' professional cooperatives have come into being. In recent years, farmers' professional cooperatives as an important carrier for rural economic development is also increasingly showing broad prospects for development, not only become the bond that joins the small farmers and big market, but also has brought a new boost power for the farmers' income and agricultural production, and the emergence and development have important practical significance for the construction of modern agriculture and new socialist countryside. And vegetables as the necessities of daily life, requirements of their quality and safety from people is increasing, therefore, the development and growth of the vegetable cooperatives is particularly important. Hubei with moist climate and ample precipitation, has natural resource advantages for the growth of vegetable cultivation，the vegetable industry has achieved fruitful results. In this study, through benefits investigation and empirical analysis of the vegetables professional cooperatives in Hubei, on the one hand we can grasp the current development of vegetable cooperatives in Hubei from the macro point of view, the other hand, we can analyze the benefits of the vegetable cooperatives and its influencing factors from the microscopic point of view, in favor of resolving family-run system in level of farmers' management of small scale, high transaction costs, the competitive strength of the weak and other issues, improving the degree of organization of farmers into the market, promoting farmers' income, and with practical guidance on healthy and efficient development for the vegetable cooperatives in Hubei.

　　This paper is based on cooperation theory, transaction cost theory, modern organization theory, and benefits evaluation theory, around the core of the cooperatives benefits, grasping the theory and practice of combining concepts, using the combination of a variety of methods with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, specification analysis and empirical research, doing a comprehensive and in-depth study on the Hubei vegetable cooperatives, and finally draw the appropriate conclusions.

　　This paper is based on the vegetable industry background, analyzing the development model, function and developmental characteristics of Hubei vegetable cooperatives. It summarized drawn Hubei vegetable cooperatives development model mainly include type of leading enterprise to drive，type of capable to drive, type of industry oriented, type of technical support and type of government to drive. The development of vegetable cooperatives also presents a number of growing fast and good construction of a typical demonstration. With the constantly increasing government support, cooperatives began to shift to the associations, through rational integration and optimal allocation of resource, cooperatives will be gradually developed as a standardized and collective leading organizations of the industry.

　　This study selected ten relatively typical vegetable cooperatives of Hubei Province to conduct field research, using analytic hierarchy process to conduct empirical research to the survey data through the establishment of benefits evaluation index system. The study found that the overall benefits of the cooperatives are relatively not high, and the development of most of the vegetable cooperatives is imbalance among the three of economic contribution, the contribution of social and organizational development. Cooperatives of relatively high overall benefits have something in common which can be summarized in: economic efficiency is relatively high; relatively large contribution to society; organization consummation and relatively high degree; relatively large potential for sustainable development. In addition, through the analysis of the benefits influencing factors of Hubei vegetable cooperatives, we found the main reasons of affecting its benefits level include two aspects of the internal factors and external environmental factors. The organization factors include cooperatives of small-scale, form of development is relatively simple, low level of cooperation, links of interest are not close and the comprehensive quality of the members of the cooperatives. External environmental factors include the government's support is weak, the financing of the cooperatives is very difficult and publicity is not enough.

　　Specification-based analysis and empirical research, this paper puts forward policy recommendations for the development of the vegetable cooperatives in Hubei, including: (1) Improve the interests of the coupling mechanism, and gradually increase the level of cooperation; (2)Increase the government's support, and optimize the development environment; (3) Strengthen advocacy to enhance the influence; (4)Improve the system and regulate the internal management; (5)Strengthen the pilot demonstration , and cultivate the example.

　　【关键词】蔬菜专业合作社；绩效评价；指标体系；湖北省

　　【Keywords】Vegetable cooperatives; benefits evaluation; index system; Hubei Province