【摘要】 自1978年农村确立家庭联产承包责任制,家庭联产承包责任制调动了农民进行农业生产的积极性和主动性,为农村发展带来了显著的经济和社会效益。然而,农村经济体制的改革并未就此终结。随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立,农村生产力日益发展,尤其是在中国加入WT0后,农业面临的日益扩大的国内国际两个市场,以分散经营形式存在的家庭经营在市场竞争中经常处于劣势地位。因此,采取有效措施,提高农业发展水平已成为农业进一步发展迫切需要。自2006年我国颁布《农民专业合作社法》以后,国家明确提出要提高农业生产的组织化程度。根据国外农业发达国家的经验和我国当今农业发展的现状,建立和发展农民专业合作社将成为我国农业实现标准化、组织化、规模化的主要形式。基于这一背景,如何积极引导发展农民专业合作社,如何改造传统农业的发展模式,实现现代农业的发展模式,满足市场需要,显得十分迫切。农民专业合作社是增加农民收入、推进农业现代化的一种有效组织形式,它的发展不仅是农业生产手段的提高和农业技术的现代化,而且是农民素质提高、农业生产组织发展的过程。现阶段,历城区农民专业合作社虽得到了一定的发展,但依然存在很多问题。鼓励和支持农民专业合作社的发展与创新,不仅能够进一步促进农业发展,提高农产品市场竞争力,而且能够有效增加农民收入,进一步促进农村经济社会发展。本文正是基于这一时代背景,对历城区农民专业合作社进行广泛调研,采用实证分析的研究方法,从西方经济学的主要理论、马克思主义理论视角,围绕历城区农民专业合作社的发展过程及现状进行了系统的研究。全文除引言外,由四大部分组成：

　　第一部分,农民专业合作社的一般理论,首先是对农民专业合作社相关概念的界定。分析了合作、合作社、农民专业合作社三者的概念、特点及区别,通过对比的形式,更加具体的区分和了解农民专业合作社。其次是分析了发展农民专业合作社的理论依据。以合作为主线,从马克思、恩格斯、列宁以及中国共产党的合作经济思想理论中寻找依据,以新制度经济学派为代表,借鉴西方国家的主要合作经济理论中的理论精髓。通过东西方国家理论的对比,寻求发展农民专业合作社的理论支持。

　　第二部分,总结济南市历城区农民专业合作社发展的特点及作用。从上世纪70年代末期,将历城区农民专业合作社的发展归纳为四个阶段,概括历城区农民专业合作社发展的现状以及主要特点。并从发展农民专业合作社的必要性,谈农民专业合作社在解决市场经济条件下小生产与大市场矛盾、促进了农业标准化生产,增加农民收入,培育新型农民的作用。

　　第三部分,历城区农民专业合作社发展中存在的问题与原因分析。内容包括：(1)历城区农民专业合作社发展中存在的主要问题。通过对历城区农民专业合作社的分析,总结其运行的特点。(2)历城区农民专业合作社发展的制约因素。从农民参与意愿、政府的扶持力度、法律制度不完善、运行机制不完善以及缺乏合作组织人才等因素对历城区农民专业合作社的影响。

　　第四部分,提出促进历城区农民专业合作社发展的思路与对策。从农民、农民专业合作社和政府转变服务职能三个部分入手,主要包括：(1)强化主体培育,培养专业人才：一是转变观念,提高农民素质,二是着力培养专业人才,三是重视合作文化教育。(2)不断创新和完善农民专业合作社发展的内部运行机制：完善决策机制；完善管理机制；完善利益分配机制；完善监督机制。(3)加大政府对农民专业合作社的扶持和支持力度：一是减少行政干预,二是协助立法部门修改和制定法律,促进规范发展,三是加大政府财政税收扶持力度。

　　【ABSTRACT】Since the household contract responsibility system was established in the rural in 1978,which mobilizes the enthusiasm and initiative of the farmers for agricultural production,and also brings significant economic and social benefits for rural development. However, the rural economic system reform is not an end. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system, rural productivity increasing development, especially after China's accession to the WTO, agriculture is facing the growing domestic and international markets, the form of decentralized management, family-run competition in the market often is at a disadvantage status. Therefore, take effective measures to raise the level of agricultural development has become the further development of agriculture to the urgent need to. Since 2006,China promulgated after the "Farmers' Cooperatives Law, the State clearly the degree of organization to improve agricultural production. According to the Foreign Agricultural experience of developed countries and the status of agricultural development in China today, to establish and develop specialized farmer cooperatives will become the main form of agriculture in China to achieve standardized, organized, large-scale. Based on this background, how to actively guide the develop specialized farmer cooperatives development model, how to transform traditional agriculture to modern agriculture development model to meet the needs of the market, which is very urgent. Farmers 'professional cooperatives is an effective form to increase farmers' income, promoting of organization of the modernization of agriculture, its development is not only the improvement of agricultural means of production and modernization of agricultural technology, but also the organization of farmers improving the quality,and the process of development of agricultural production . At this stage, farmers' professional cooperatives Li cheng District, have been some development, but there are still many problems. Encourage and support farmers 'professional cooperatives development and innovation, which not only further the development of the agricultural, but also improves the market competitiveness of agricultural products, and effectively increases farmers' income, and further promotes economic and social development in rural areas.

　　This article is based on this background, Taking conducted extensive research in the farmers 'professional cooperatives in Li cheng District, using the method of empirical analysis. Focusing on the process of development and current situation of the Farmers' professional cooperatives in Li cheng District, We carry out a systematic study from western economics theory, Marxist theory perspective. Full text of introduction, having the four major components:

　　The first part is the general theory of the farmers 'professional cooperatives. The first is the definition of the concept of farmers' professional cooperatives. Definite the differences among Cooperation, cooperatives, farmers 'professional cooperatives three concepts, characteristics, in the form of more specific distinction and understanding of farmers' professional cooperatives. Analysis theoretical basis to develop specialized farmer cooperatives. Cooperated to the main line, looking for evidence from the cooperative economic ideology and theory of Marx, Engels, Lenin and the Communist Party of China, School of New Institutional Economics, learn the essence of the theory in the Western countries to economic theory. From theoretical comparison of Eastern and Western countries, seeking to develop specialized farmer cooperatives theoretical support.

　　The second part, we summary the characteristics and role of farmers' professional cooperatives development of Li cheng District in Jinan City. From the late 1970s, we can group the development of specialized farmer cooperatives in Li cheng District into four stages, summarized the historical city status and main features of the development of farmers' professional cooperatives. And on farmers 'professional cooperatives in resolving the contradictions of small-scale production and large market under market economy conditions, and promoting standardization of agricultural production, increasing farmers' income, nurturing the new role of farmers from the need to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.

　　The third part is the analysis of the problems and causes in the development of farmers' professional cooperatives in Li cheng District. The contents include: (l)The problems in the development of farmers' professional cooperatives of Li cheng District. By analyzing the farmers' professional cooperatives in Li cheng District, summarize the characteristics of its operation. (2) The constraints of the development in farmers' professional cooperatives in Li cheng District. From Willingness to participate of the farmers, the Government's efforts to support,the legal system is imperfect, operating mechanism is imperfect and the lack of cooperative organizations and human resources factors,to the farmers' professional cooperatives in Li cheng District.

　　The fourth part is proposing ideas and countermeasures to promote the development of Li cheng District of Jinan City farmers' professional cooperatives. Start from the main body of farmers, professional cooperatives, the three parts of the government service, including: (1) strengthen the main cultivation, training professionals: First, change their ideas and improve the quality of farmers, Second, efforts to train professionals, attaches importance to cooperation in culture and education. (2) Innovate and improve the internal operating mechanism of the development of specialized farmer cooperatives: improve decision-making mechanism; improve the management mechanism; perfect the mechanism of distribution of benefits; perfect the supervision mechanism. (3)Increasing government support and support for professional farmers cooperatives: First is to reduce administrative intervention, Second is to assist the legislative branch to amend and enact laws to promote the standardized development, the third is to support efforts to increase government financial and taxation.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 合作思想； 历城区； 运行机制；

　　【Keywords】farmers' professional cooperatives, Cooperation thinking, Li cheng District,operating mechanism