【摘要】 世界经济的全球化和我国市场经济的日斟完善，建立在家庭联产承包责任制基础上的一家一户的小生产，农民体会到的，不只是势单力薄，更多的是不知所措。农民专业合作经济组织作为整合农村人力资源，提高农民的组织化程度的最有效载体，理所当然的成为农民组团进入市的首选。分散的农业生产使得农业科学技术的传播变得较为困难，恰恰就是这一新型经济组织融入社会后，对市场的规范，对价格的保护、对生产成本的降低以及对科技普及的深入，都显示出不可替代的生命力和竞争力。实践证明，发展农民专业合作经济组织作为农村综合改革的一项重要内容，在深入推进的社会主义新农村建设的伟大实践中发挥出前所未有的作用。2012年的中央“1 号文件”突出强调部署农业科技创新，并将农民专业合作经济组织作为推广农业科技的载体、帮助农户了解市场及企业需求、发展订单农业的一种重要形式，要求各级给予充分重视。国内外的实践证明，发展农民专业合作经济组织，不但提高了农民的组织化程度，而且更加有效的促进了农民的稳步增收，推进农业现代化进程。

　　通过调研了解到，通化市东昌区农民专业合作经济组织起步较晚，2007年后在数量和规模上才有了一定的发展，但由于思想认识上偏差，自身建设不规范，发展后劲不足；政府扶持政策，与农民专业合作经济组织的需求有差距，规模难以做大；缺少资金，人才和信息，发展后劲乏力等原因，导致农民专业合作经济组织与发展好的地区相比，还存在数量少、组织集群小和带动能力弱等问题。就目前而言，重要的是要在理论和实践上探索农民专业合作经济组织发展的基本思路,又适合区情实际的扶持政策，从而来推动东昌区农民专业合作经济组织健康发展。

　　在对通化市和东昌区从事农民专业合作经济组织管理工作的人员进行访谈，查阅相关文献的基础上,进一步研究分析得出：农民专业合作经济组织的完善或创新，增加农产品产出，确保交易秩序和双方利益，实现双赢，其完善和创新的途径在于不断修补组织缺陷，降低交易风险和费用，在农民专业合作经济组织的完善和创新探索中，还要更加重视交易的主体间的信誉与合作，农产品生产的专用性投资以及政府的互补性制度安排，合作经济组织形式不断优化更替的过程，也恰恰正是交易费用逐渐降低和农民收益持续提高的制度化的过程。从另一个角度来讲，发展壮大农民专业合作经济组织，首先是要统一思想，加大对其在农民增收，促进农村经济发展中重要作用的宣传力度，营造农民专业合作经济组织快速发展的舆论氛围；二是要逐渐规范农民专业合作经济组织内部管理，适时选派后备干部到农民专业合作经济组织中挂职，帮助其规范化发展；三是分类、分层次的开展培训，因地制宜，依托通化市的资源和区位优势，与高校、科研机构对接，开展人才培训，并为其提供科研成果转化的平台，促进科技成果转化的同时，提高农民专业合作经济组织所生产农产品的科技含量，进而提高市场竞争力；四是不断加大政府扶持力度，农民专业合作经济组织的功能如何，关乎农民的组织化程度，关乎农民增收步伐，关乎新农村建设的质量和速度，积极创新农民专业合作经济组织政策，努力营造良好的政策环境，切实推动农民专业合作经济组织又好又快发展。五是培育典型，抓好示范引导，通过先进典型的辐射带动，不断壮大农民专业合作经济组织规模，增强发展后劲，东昌区才能把蔬菜、中小药材、畜牧等三大农业主导产业做大做强，才能够进一步带动农产品的加工、储藏、运输等相关产业的大发展，才能进一步提高农产品的市场占有率，做强做实品牌农业，促进农业和农村经济科学健康发展。

　　【Abstract】With the globalization of the world economy and our country market economy day pour perfect, based on the household contract responsibility system on the basis of a minor production, farmers understand that, not only the potential single power of thin, more is to be at a loss what to do. The Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization as the integration of the rural human resources is the most effective carrier for raising farmers’ systematic rate, behoove becomes the first choice of the farmer group enters the city. Dispersive agriculture production makes agricultural science and technology communication more difficult, it is the new-style economy organization into the society, on the market, price protection, to reduce production cost and to popularize science and technology development, it shows its irreplaceable vitality and competitiveness. Practice has proved, the development of Farmer Professional Cooperative Economic Organization as the comprehensive rural reform is an important content, in advancing the great practice of socialist new rural construction plays a hitherto unknown function. In the central authorities of 2012 "1 files" highlights the deployment of agricultural science and technology innovation, and the Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization as the carrier of agricultural science and technology promotion helps farmer know the market and business needs, and it is also an important form for development order agriculture, at all levels to give full attention to. Domestic and international practice proves, the development of Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization, not only improve the degree of farmers’ organization, but also more effectively promote the average income of farmers , advance agricultural modernization process.

　　Through the survey, the Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization started late in DongChang District of Tonghua and only had a certain development after 2007 in the number and size, but because the ideological recognition deviation, its self-construction is non-standard, development aftereffect is insufficient, government support policy and the farmers' professional cooperative economic organization is in the demand gap, the size is difficult to become bigger. Lacking of funds, talents and information etc., which led to the Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization compared with development good area still existing a small number of clusters, and organization and driving ability is weak wait for a problem. At present, it is important to explore the basic development ideas of Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization in theory and practice and for the area sentiment reality give aid to policy, so as to promote the Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization healthily.

　　In the management stuffs of Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization in Tonghua city and Dongchang District interview, literature basis, further analysis showed that: the improvement or innovation of Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization, increase the output of agricultural product, to ensure that the transaction order and the interests of both sides, achieve a win-win situation, its improvement and innovation are the way to repair defects continuously, reduce transaction costs and risks, in the process of the Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization improvement and innovation exploration, pay more attention to the transaction between the main body and the credibility of the cooperation, the production of agricultural products special sex investment and the government's complementary system arrangement, cooperative economic organization to optimize the turnover process, which are the institutionalization process of transaction costs decreasing gradually and farmer income continuously improving.

　　From another perspective, the development and expansion of Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization, the first is to unite a thought, strengthen the increase of farmers' income, promote rural economic development in an important role in the propaganda, to create public opinion atmosphere of the Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization rapid development; the second is to gradually standardize the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization internal management, timely send mothball cadre to the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization, to help the development of standardization; the third is classified and hierarchical training, suiting one's measures to local conditions, relying on the Tonghua resources and area advantages, docking with colleges and universities, scientific research institutions to carry out personnel training, and providing the scientific research achievement transformation platform, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements at the same time, improving Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization in the production of agricultural scientific and technological content of products, improving market competitiveness; the fourth is continuously increasing government support. The Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization function is related to the degree of organization of farmers, the farmers’ income pace, new rural construction quality and speed and a positive innovation farmer major cooperative economy organization policy, striving to create a favorable policy environment, effectively promoting the farmer specialized cooperative economy organization development; the fifth is to cultivate the model, set an example guide, through the typical radiation driving, to enlarge the scale of Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization, enhance development reserve strength so that the Dongchang district can make the three major agricultural dominant industry such as vegetables, herbs and animal husbandry bigger and stronger, can further promote the agricultural product processing, storage, transportation and other related industries big development and improve the agricultural product market share, having a solid and strong brand agriculture, promote the agriculture and the science of rural economy developing healthy.

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作经济组织； 发展问题； 研究；

　　【Keywords】Farmer Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization, development, research