【摘要】 近年来,咸阳市广大农村中出现了多种形式的专业合作经济组织,这是新形势下该区农业生产中一种新的农业生产经营模式。我国社会主义新农村建设的核心是农民问题,农民问题的核心是增收问题,而农业产业化既是农民增收的有效途径,又是专业合作组织发展的基础,专业合作组织是推动农业产业化发展的一种比较好的组织形式,在推进农业产业化进程中,农村专业合作组织有着不可替代的重要作用,对发展农村经济,促进农民增收具有非常重要的意义。

　　文章以实地调研和查阅文献为主要研究方法,在对咸阳市农村专业合作组织发展情况调查的基础上,结合农业专业合作组织的发展历史和相关理论,认识到该区农村专业合作经济组织具有由单一技术服务向综合型实体化方向发展,体制逐渐由非合作制向合作制转变,合作形式由单元化向多元化发展,由自发性局部型向实体化区域型发展等特点。且咸阳市农村专业合作经济组织的发展使农村社会化服务体系更加完善,使农村经济体制改革更加深入,有利于农业新技术、新品种的普及推广,和新型科技成果转化,还能够促进农业和农村产业结构的调整和优化,推动农业产业化发展。此外,对咸阳市目前农村专业合作组织采取的模式也进行了介绍。

　　然而,由于内部和外部存在的诸多因素的影响,咸阳市农村专业合作经济组织仍然存在许多问题,如政府和社会对农村专业合作经济组织重视不够,农村专业合作经济组织的内部管理不规范,运行机制落后,抵御风险能力弱,资金缺乏,发展后劲不足等。为此,笔者在对咸阳市现有的农业专业合作经济发展模式充分分析研究的基础上,提出措施:(1)通过发展农村合作经济组织推动农业产业化经营,具体做法继续推进农业各领域发展,发展“一村一品”工程建设,健全社会化服务体系;(2)规范和完善农村专业合作经济组织建设,提高整体运营水平,做法上强调完善内部运营机制,创新合作模式,增加核心竞争力;(3)政府和相关部门加大对农村专业合作经济组织的支持力度,主要强化重心要在资金扶持和信贷支持等方面;(4)加强组织运作培训,强化监督机制等。以期为促进咸阳市农村专业合作经济组织健康发展提供现实依据和理论支撑,为该区解决三农问题和农民增收问题提供理论指导,为社会主义新农村建设提供理论参考。

　　【Abstract】These years, many different types of rural professional cooperative economic organizations were appearing in the villages of Xianyang city, it is absolutely a new kind of agricultural production and operation mode to cope the agricultural production in this new time. The core of the socialism new countryside construction of our country is farmers’ problems, the core of the farmers’ problems is increasing the income of farmers, and agricultural industrialization is one of the effective ways to increase the incomes of the farmers. Agricultural industrialization is the foundation of the development of the professional cooperative economic organizations, but the professional cooperative economic organizations are a better method to promote the development of agricultural industrialization. In the process of promoting the agricultural industrialization, rural professional cooperative economic organizations will play a irreplaceable role, and it will play a meaningful part to develop the economy of the villages, to increase the incomes of the farmers.

　　The paper is based on the survey of the development condition about the professional cooperative economic organizations, combined with the development history and the correlation theory of the professional cooperative economic organizations, it realizes that the professional cooperative economic organizations of Xianyang city has some features: the development of technology is from single service to comprehensive hypostatization, the system of it is changing from non-cooperation to cooperation, the cooperation forms is from single to diversification, the development is from spontaneous local type to hypostatization region type. Then, the development of the professional cooperative economic organizations of Xian yang city, boosts perfection of the rural socialized service system, promote the rural economic system reform, encourages the popularization of the agricultural new technology and variety, accelerates the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, facilitates the agricultural and rural adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, drives the development of the agricultural industrialization, builds up a bridge to help farmers integrating to the large market of socialization.

　　However, because of the big number of the factors from internal and external, there are still a lot of problems about the professional cooperative economic organizations of Xianyang city, for example, government and society are paying un-enough attention on the professional cooperative economic organizations, the internal management of he professional cooperative economic organizations is not standard, operation mechanism is behindhand, the ability of resisting risk is weak, the funds if not enough, the development in the future is insufficient, and so on. For this, based on the sufficiently analysis of the development modes of the professional cooperative economic organizations of Xianyang city, that, the writer puts forward many measures: (1) Develop the rural cooperative economic organizations to promote the agricultural industrialization, the two material methods are continue to promote the developments of different agricultural fields, and to structure “a brand, a village” project. (2) Regulate and perfect the construction of rural professional cooperative economic organizations, perfect the internal operation mechanism, innovation cooperation modes, and to increase the core competitiveness.(3) The government and related departments should increase the support of rural professional cooperative economic organizations, and pay much attention on strengthening capital support, credit support and so on. (4) Strengthen the organization operation training, and strengthen the supervision mechanism. All the above measures are used to provide the realistic basis and theoretical support for the professional cooperative economic organizations of Xianyang city, to provide theoretical guidance to solve “three rural issues” and the problem of increasing farmers' income for the Xian yang city, and to provide theoretical reference for the new rural construction of socialism.

　　【关键词】 咸阳市； 农村专业合作经济组织； 问题； 对策；

　　【Key Words】XianYang city, professional cooperative economic organizations, problems, suggestions