【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程的加快及农村剩余劳动力的大量转移,家庭联产承包责任制的优势不再明显。农民的兼职身份使得土地没有得到精心耕种,甚至于撂荒,因此,促进土地承包经营权流转,进行农业适度规模经营便成当务之急。土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社,作为一种全新的土地流转方式及合作社出资方式,认为可以解决土地流转难及农民专业合作社发展的问题。再者,“十二五”时期,包容性增长要求全体社会成员均能够享受经济增长的红利,土地承包经营权入股必将成为一种农民分享红利的方式。然而,土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社目前还处于试点阶段,在实践中还存在一些问题。解决这些问题使其健康发展便是重中之重。因此,探讨土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社实施中的问题,研究农户的主观意愿具有重要的实践价值。

　　本文参考了农户土地流转影响因素、土地股份合作制及农户行为理论的相关研究成果,通过对宝鸡市的农户的一对一调研,在分析各个变量与入股意愿的相关性的基础上,应用因子分析的方法,提取了认知因素、户主因素、家庭经营因素、保障因素、农户个体特征因素五个公共因子,并着重分析了入股价格与入股意愿的相关关系;然后通过构建二元Logistic模型定量研究农户以土地承包经营权入股的意愿及影响因素,以探讨这种入股方式在宝鸡实施过程中可能遇到的问题,并提出了相关建议。主要研究结论有以下几个方面:

　　(1)宝鸡市的经济发展水平不断提高,剩余劳动力向二三产业转移速度较快,农户的收入来源大部分来自兼业收入,总体而言,农户有土地入股农民专业合作社的诉求。

　　(2)农户以土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社的定量研究结果显示:认知因素、家庭经营因素、户主因素、保障因素、价格因素与农户以土地承包经营权入股专业合作社的意愿成正相关,且影响显著。被调查者的个体特征因素与土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社的意愿成正相关,但影响并不显著。对于入股价格问题,认为宝鸡市平原地区每亩土地以560元为宜,山区土地每亩以400元为宜。

　　(3)通过上面的分析,本文认为在实施土地承包经营权入股农民专业合作社的过程中应充分尊重农民在主观意愿,坚持“自愿、有序、适宜”原则;同时应进一步提高农民对专业合作社的了解程度;并完善土地承包经营权入股的相关制度;更重要的是加大农村人力资本的投入。

　　【ABSTRACT】With the accelerated process of urbanization and the large numbers of rural surplus labo transfer, the advantages of the Household Contract Responsibility System is no longer obvious. Because of the part-time farmers, the land has not been carefully cultivated and even abandoned. Therefore, it has become imperative to promote the transfer of the right to land contractual management, and to appropriate the scale of agriculture. Using the right to land contractual management stake in farmer cooperatives, as a new way of land transfer and cooperative forms of investment, can solve the difficulties of land transfer and farmer cooperatives development. Moreover, in the "Twelfth Five-Year", inclusive growth requires all members of society are able to enjoy the dividends of economic growth, using the land contract and management rights as a stake is a way of to share dividends. However, the right to land contractual management stake in farmer cooperatives is still at the pilot stage, there are still some problems in practice. To address these issues is the top priority. Therefore, it has important practical value to study the subjective views of farmers and the implementation of the problem about the right to land contractual management shares of farmer cooperatives.

　　This paper references the research of the impact on farmers land transfer, land shareholding cooperative system and farmers action theory, does the one to one survey in Baoji City, based on the analysis of the relevance of the each variable and farmers’ will, extracts five common factors though factor analysis: the cognitive factors, head of the household, family business factors, security factors, household factors in the individual characteristics; analyzes the relevant relations of the shares price and the shares will; and then studies the influencing factors quantitatively by constructing binary Logistic Model of the right of farmers to land contractual management, in order to explore the issues may be encountered during the implementation of this approach in Baoji, and put forward relevant proposals. The main conclusions are the following:

　　(1)In Baoji City, the level of economic development is rising. The speed of transferring surplus labor to the tertiary industries is fast. Farmers’ income source comes from earnings,in general, farmers have the aspirations of using land as the shares of farmer cooperatives.

　　(2)The quantitative study results on the right of farmers to land contractual management shares in farmer cooperatives indicates: cognitive factors, family business factors, head of the household factors, security factors, price factors are positively correlated and significant effect with the farmers’ will of using the right to land contractual management as the share of professional cooperatives. Individual characteristics of respondents factors is also positively correlated, but the effect is not significant. In Baoji City the price for the shares of the plain areas is 560 yuan per mu of land appropriately, and 400 yuan per mu for mountain land

　　(3) Through the above analysis, this paper argues that in the process of implementing right to land contractual management in the shares of farmer cooperatives should be fully respected farmers‘ subjective will, to adhere the principle of "voluntary, orderly and proper"; also should further improve the farmers’ understanding level of cooperatives; and improve the related systems of shareholder the right to land contractual management; more importantly, increasing investment in human capital in rural areas.

　　【关键词】 土地承包经营权； 入股； 意愿； 农民专业合作社；

　　【KEY WORDS】Land contract and management rights, Shares, Will, Farmer cooperatives