【摘要】 发展缓慢的农业、落后的农村、收入微薄的农民逐渐成为阻碍国民经济实现全面发展的因素。中央政府早已经对“三农”问题高度重视，虽然取得了一些可喜的成绩，但想要彻底解决“三农”问题，那么所出台的措施应该是有效的、且是长期的。围绕“三农”问题的核心则是农民收入增长，是制约“三农”问题得以解决的根本瓶颈。只有农民收入增加了，才能够不断促进农业从传统向现代过渡、农业生产结构的转变、农村社会的进步、农业经济与农村经济的健康持续发展。

　　学术界关于农民增长问题的研究成果很多，主要集中在财政支农、金融政策、人力资本、劳动力转移、农业产业化等方面的研究。很多学者从农民收入来源的构成方面研究农民收入增长问题，当然也有学者研究了农业经营模式与农民收入的关系问题。然而，学者或是在分散经营的模式下进行研究，或是就某一组织形式进行专门研究，抑或是进行一些案例研究。传统的分散经营方式很难有促进农民经营收入增长的空间，市场化的“组织”这一要素在当前时期显得越来越重要。然而，在学界，专注于农民经营纯收入增长问题的文献在增收相关文献中是比较少的，系统地在“组织化”的视角下进行研究的则更不多见。

　　近些年，围绕农民土地承包权，出现了多种多样的农业经营组织模式。据调查，这些组织模式在促进农民经营收入增长方面有非常积极的一面。农业经营组织的构建主体主要有农户、企业、农民专业合作社、基层政府等，这些主体通过一系列相互交叉的复杂契约关系联结在一起。农业经营组织有效地实现了新农业技术的应用、经营的规模效益以及农产品附加值的提升等，为农民经营纯收入的增长提供了很广阔的空间。

　　本文将“组织”纳入为农业生产中的要素，研究了组织化经营对于农民经营纯收入的增长机理，通过理论探讨论述了组织化经营对于农民经营纯收入的增长促进路径。而后采用2004-2011年我国各地区农业经济相关数据，对组织化经营对农民经营纯收入增长的促进作用进行了实证研究。最后提出了如何整合资源推进农业组织化经营，进而提升农民经营收入的对策。

　　本文在结构上主要分为5章：

　　第1章，绪论。阐述了相关研究背景，对文献进行了回顾，提出了本文的研究意义以及创新点。

　　第2章，相关概念界定及基础理论。对本文所需要用到的相关概念进行了界定，对本文中所用的理论进行了阐述。

　　第3章，农业组织经营对农民经营纯收入增长的促进机理。第1节探讨了一般机理，第2节则运用SCP范式详细讨论了不同农业经营组织在结构、行为上的不同，以及对农民收入增长绩效的不同。

　　第4章，组织化经营与经营纯收入增长的实证分析。第1部分先进行了农民人均经营纯收入的描述统计以及农民专业合作社这个特殊组织形式的发展现状以及对农民经营收入增长的贡献；第2部分将“组织”作为生产要素，采用2004年-2011年各地区农业经济相关数据，对“组织”对于农民经营纯收入增长的促进作用进行了实证研究。第3部分运用SCP分析范式对三种典型的农业经营组织对农民经营收入增长的促进绩效进行了分析。

　　第5章，推进组织化经营，促进农民经营纯收入增长的对策。提出了在农业组织化经营框架下，通过优化资源配置、增加制度供给、创新经营模式以及加强农民利益保护促进农民经营性收入增长的对策。

　　【Abstract】The issue of “Agriculture, Countryside and Peasants” in China has been hindering the improvement of agriculture productivity for a very long time, it has become one of the factors that restricted the overall development of socio-economy, balancing development between rural and urban areas and well-off society construction. The central government has already attached great importance to “agriculture, countryside and peasants” problem, although some promising results has been made, but to completely solve the issued, a series of effective and long-term policies should be carried out. The core of “agriculture, countryside and peasants” problem is income growth of peasants, which may be the ultimate factor to completely solve the “agriculture, countryside and peasants” issue. Only if the income of peasants been improved, agriculture can be transformed from tradition to modern, agricultural structure changed, the rural society been developed, agricultural economy and countryside economy healthily and continuously developed.

　　There is a large amount of research outcomes on peasants’ income promoting issue, which is mainly focused on the transfer of financial support for agriculture, financial policies, human capital, labor transfer and agricultural industrialization. Many scholars studied the problem from the composition of the sources of peasants’ income; there are also others from operation mode. These results have very important significance in theory and practice. However, scholars studied the problem or from the atomic-mode, or from a specific organization, or from some cases. The traditional unorganized mode of operation is difficult to create profit space, and the factor of market-oriented “organization” is becoming more and more important in the current period. However, in the academic community, the amount of literature related to farmers’ operating net income growth is relatively small; literature from the perspective of “organized” is even rarer.

　　In recent years, there has appeared a wide variety of agricultural operation organization based on farmers’ land contract rights. These organizations play a very important role in promoting farmer’s net operation income according to survey. The parties of the agricultural operation organizations are mainly farmers, enterprises, farmers’ cooperatives, local government, these parties are combined by a series of complex and cross-cutting contracts. Agricultural can efficiently apply new agricultural technologies, realize scale economy and increase the added value of agro-products, and that will create a very broad space for the growth of peasants’ net agricultural operation net income.

　　In this paper, “organization” is taken as a factor in agricultural production function. Then, uses data from the year of 2004 to 2011 of all regions in China, proved the income improving effect of “organized operation” from empirical perspective. At last, proposes some countermeasures for peasants’ benefit protection under organized operation frame.

　　This paper includes five chapters:

　　Chapter 1, introduction. Describes the research background, a literature review and innovation.

　　Chapter 2, definition and basic theory.

　　Chapter 3, proposes income promotion mechanism of agricultural organizational operating. Part 1 discusses the general mechanism, part 2 uses SCP paradigm to analyze the income promoting performance of different agricultural organizations

　　Chapter 4, empirical analysis. Part 1 is descriptive statistics of farmers’ agriculture operation net income; Part 2 takes "organization" as a factor into production function, using 2004 -2011 regional data related to agricultural economics; Part 3 analyzes three examples using SCP.

　　Chapter 5, gives some advice to policymakers and agricultural organizations.

　　【关键词】 组织化经营； 经营纯收入； 交易成本； 规模效应； 农业经营组织； SCP范式；

　　【Keywords】Organized Operation, Operation Net Income, Transaction Cost, Scale Economy,

　　Agricultural Operation Organization, SCP