【摘要】 农业生产实践总结出，水利是农业发展的命脉，灌溉设施是水利发展的前提，灌溉管理制度、方法是灌溉设施发挥作用的保证。2004年以来连续10个中央“一号文件”中有6个“一号文件”提到农户参与式灌溉管理及农民用水合作组织在农业生产中的作用，提出要发展农民用水合作组织。近年，随着农民用水合作组织成效的取得，实践领域及学术界取得了大体一致的意见，基本上回答了“为什么要大力发展农民用水合作组织”的问题。目前，国内农民用水合作组织在实践发展上已进入实质性的推进阶段。理论研究中其成果不断充实，研究更加微观具体。但国内学者对农民用水合作组织运行机制与发展模式问题的研究较少，特别是对粮食主产区农民用水合作组织的研究还属于较新的问题。为此本文尝试提出黑龙江省农民用水合作组织有效运行的机制及发展模式，期待通过机制与模式的完善保障黑龙江省农民用水合作组织的运行与作用的发挥。

　　文章以文献综述法、实际调查法、访谈法、实证分析与规范分析相结合的方法进行研究，通过资料的分析与整理，科学界定农民用水合作组织、农民用水户协会的内涵，准确把握其特征、功能及作用，同时对本研究起理论支撑作用的制度变迁理论、产权理论、交易费用理论、博弈理论进行分析与整合。在此基础上采用典型实地调查的方法分析黑龙江省农民用水合作组织发展现状与存在问题。运用经济系统冲量过程模型对农民用水合作组织组建后灌区灌溉管理系统的稳定性进行冲量分析，运用Logistic回归对用水户加入农民用水合作组织意愿进行定量分析，运用博弈论模型对用水户参与灌溉的博弈行为选择进行研究。分析结果认为，黑龙江省农民用水合作组织同用水户组建的封闭系统不稳定，用水户持消极加入态度，但具备持续性发展的条件。研究发现，黑龙江省农民用水合作组织发展不完善的主要原因是运行机制不畅、发展模式缺少系统协调性。为此文章在对黑龙江省农民用水合作组织发展情况进行客观描述、科学考量基础上，借鉴农民专业合作社的运行机制，结合黑龙江省各区域自然环境、社会经济水平，创建黑龙江省农民用水合作组织的运行机制，并对其发展模式选择做出探索性研究。根据黑龙江省农民用水合作组织目前发展状态，提出其发展的思路：第一，规范现有农民用水户协会的发展；第二，建立和培育新的农民用水合作组织。

　　【Abstract】The practice of agricultural production proves that the water conservancy is the lifeblood of the agricultural development and irrigation facilities are the precondition of the development of water conservancy. The system and method of irrigation management play a role in the assurance of irrigation facilities. Since 2004, there were 10 "number one" central documents which included six documents had mentioned farmers' participatory irrigation management and the role of farmers' water cooperative organization in the agricultural production and put forward to develop farmers' water cooperative organization. As the results of farmers' water cooperative organization were obtained in recent years, they have the same opinion in the practice field and the academic circle that basically answered the reason to develop the farmers' water cooperative organization. At present, the domestic farmers' water cooperative organization has stepped into the stage of substantial advance in the development of the practice. Theoretical researches on its achievements constantly have been enriched and there are more and more micro concrete researches. But the research of domestic scholars on farmers' water cooperative organization operation mechanism and development model problem are less, especially the study of farmers' water cooperative organization in the major grain producing areas also belongs to a new problem. For this reason, this paper attempts to put forward the effective running mechanism and development model in farmers' water cooperative organization of Heilongjiang province. Through the perfection of the mechanism and mode safeguards farmers' water cooperative organization in Heilongjiang province.

　　This paper based on the literature review method, actual survey method, interview method; combine of empirical analysis and normative analysis. Through data analysis and compilation, scientific definite connotation of farmers’ water cooperative organization and water users’ association accurately understanding its’ characteristics, function and effect. Analysis and integration Institution change theory, theory of property, transaction cost theory and game theory at the same time; these theories have theoretical support to this research. On this basis, combine macroscopic description and typical field survey to analysis the development status and existing problems of farmers’ water cooperative organization in Heilongjiang province. Using economic system impulse process analysis on analysis of stability on irrigation area management system after farmers' water cooperative organization set up. Using Logistic regression about willingness of water users to join the farmers' water cooperative organization, research on water user’ select behavior of participatory irrigation by using game theoretic model. The analysis result indicates that, the closed system between farmers’ water cooperative organization and water user in Heilongjiang province is instability. The will of water users to join the farmers' water cooperative organization is negative, but have sustainable development condition. The study found, the main reason of farmers’ water cooperative organization development problem is, not do well in operating mechanism and the development pattern is lack of coordination in system. So this paper based on objective describe and scientifically considerate farmers’ water cooperative organization development situation in Heilongjiang province, draw lessons from operating mechanismof farmers professional cooperation, combines natural environment, level of social economy in Heilongjiang province, establish Heilongjiang province farmers’ water cooperative organization operating mechanism, and make an exploratory research on development pattern choice. According to farmers’ water cooperative organization development situation in Heilongjiang province, put forward the development thought. Firstly, regulate the development of farmers’ water cooperative organization; secondly, establish and bring up new farmers’ water cooperative organization.

　　【关键词】 参与式灌溉管理； 农民用水合作组织； 运行机制； 发展模式；

　　【Key words】 Participatory Irrigation Management; Farmers’ Water Cooperative Organization; Operation Mechanism; Development Model