【摘要】 由于农村家庭联产承包责任制为基础的产权变化对中国的农村经济改革和开放带来了新的活力,给中国农村带来的翻天覆地的变化。但随着城市化进程的突飞猛进,导致家庭联产承包责任制为主要特征的土地权属制度已无法适应城市化的发展要求。“城中村”在城市逐步推进的过程中,利用他们的地缘和土地优势,积累了大量的集体资产,但同时,由于这些村集体往往缺乏科学有效的管理方式和模式来科学管理和合理运用这些财富,使得矛盾重重,引发了一系列社会问题,群众上访,基层干部腐败等问题屡见不鲜。因此,站在理论和实践的角度来研究这些问题,具有十分重要的意义。

　　在建设中原经济区的大背景下,要以新型城镇化引领经济社会的发展。城市化的进程会更加迅猛,将有更多的近郊农村成为城中村,或者更多的农村通过新型农村社区的形式实现就地城市化,在农民失地后怎么通过一种制度创新,使村集体继续保持凝聚力,使村集体的资产得以发展壮大,使农民的生活更有保障,使农民的收入更加丰厚,是值得重视和探讨的问题。平顶山市新华区李庄村,隶属平顶山市新华区曙光街办事处,是典型的“都市村庄”。本文就从这样一个村情村貌较有代表性、近年发展较为成功、具有后发优势的样本的发展和股份制改革历程中去管中窥豹,同时类比其他地区近郊农村的股份合作制改革,探讨农村,特别是城中村在市场经济条件和城市化进程的大背景下,怎么通过股份制变革去发展壮大集体经济,维护失地农民的权益,实现共同致富,维护转型期社会中基层的和谐稳定和经济社会发展的问题。

　　通过对李庄村股份合作制改革的全过程进行描述和分析,着重阐述了其股份合作制改革中股东的界定、股份与股权、资产的经营与管理、组织结构等几个关键问题,分析了其改革的模式、动因、特点和主要收益,探讨了改革过程中存在的组织定性、路径依赖、产权的设置与产权权利等不可忽视的问题。通过对李庄村这个样本的分析思考,阐释了在农村集体经济改革过程中的几个共性问题：如集体股的设立问题、村集体股份合作社与村级基层组织的关系问题、股权的开放性与封闭性问题,同时援引全国其他不同发展层次地区的几个发展样本,对农村集体经济存在的价值及其对实现共同富裕作用的进行了初步的探讨,指出这些村是在市场经济条件下,在统分结合的双层经营体制范围内,村民通过股份制、合作社或者“人民公社”等形式抱团取暖,避免了小农经济在市场中的风险和冲击,包括华西村、李庄在内,都是把现代的管理模式与生产力的解放和发展相结合,因地制宜地实行规模生产,发展壮大集体经济,并合理地分配利益,其发展轨迹在组织结构、利益分配等方面,具有股份合作制的共同特征。阐明了股份合作制在市场经济条件下对于集体经济发展的独特优势和生命力,说明了只要坚持科学发展观,发展经济,服务群众,创新群众长久权益保障机制,畅通群众权益表达渠道和平台,满足群众对公共事务公平公正公开的心理期望,就能使经济发展、社会和谐稳定。

　　同时,指出地方政府在推进城市化进程中因地制宜地推进近郊农村的股份合作制改革具有深远的意义,并对地方政府推进农村集体经济股份合作制改革给出了具有可操作性的具体建议,对股份合作制改革中需要特别注意的四种关系进行了阐述。

　　【Abstract】The change of property rights as the basis of the household contract responsibility system has brought new vitality, brought changes to the country world. But the development of city lead to the household contract responsibility system can not able to adapt to the requirements of the development of city. " The village in the city"gradually advancing process, using their geography and land advantage, accumulateing a large number of asset, but at the same time, as a result of these village collective often lack the scientific and effective management ,caused a series of social problems, the masses the petition, basic level cadre corruption it is often seen. Thereore, stand in the angle of theory and practice to study these problems, have very important sense.

　　In the construction of area of Central Plains economy, must new urbanization to lead the economic and social development. City modernization will become more fast, there will be more and more rural suburbs into villages, or more rural by rural community in the form of the local city, in after farmer lost Wealth, is worthy of attention and discussion. Li village in Xinhua District in Pingdingshan City, is a typical" village in the city". This article from such a village village representative, to analogy maintain social harmony and stability in the level of economic and social development and problems.

　　Through share cooperation reform of the whole process of description and analysis of the Li village , focuses on the reform of share cooperative system of shareholders in the shares and equity, definition,assets operation and management, several key issues such as the organizational structure, analyzes its reform mode, motivation, characteristics and the main income, discussed the reform process in the presence of tissue characterization, path dependence, property rights and property rights set problem not to be ignored. Based on the sample analysis on Li village, illuminate in reform of rural collective economy in the course of a few common problems such as: the establishment of village collective, collective shares of cooperatives and organization of village class grass-roots unit relationship problems, equity open and closed questions, while invoking the other different levels of development area of a few development sample the existence of rural collective economy, the value and the implementation is collective and rich effect to carry on the preliminary discussion, pointed out that the village is under the condition of market economy, in the system of unified management combined with range, the village through the joint-stock, cooperation or" people commune" and other forms of heating, avoiding the small-scale peasant economy in the market in the risk and impact, including Huaxi Village, Li Zhuang. is a modern management mode and the liberation and development of productive force combination, suit one's measures to local conditions to implement scale production, development expands collective economy, and reasonable distribution of interests, its development path in the organizational structure, the respect such as interest allocation, with share collaboration makes the common features. Elucidation of the stock cooperation system under the condition of market economy for the development of collective economy and the vitality of the unique advantages, as long as adhere to the scientific outlook on development, economic development, serving the masses, the masses lasting innovation mechanism to safeguard the rights and interests, expedite masses rights expression channels and platforms, meet the masses of public affairs fair public expectations, can make economy development, social harmony and stability.

　　The reform and innovation is to promote China's economic and social development power. At the end of the thesis, the author points out that collaboration of share of rural collective economy system as a system arrangement, adjustment and perfection of the market economy under the conditions of rural collective economy is relations of production, to the system of unified management combined with the household contract responsibility system perfect and complement, can effectively solve the urban and rural two yuan management gap, let a farmer implement status change at the same time, realize the way of life, way of production gradually transition, a steady dividend to become industrial workers, city businesses to provide a strong guarantee for avoiding risk. Various government is necessary to seriously study, and constantly improve the rural cooperative shares system in the relevant system, and in the new urbanization, the reconstruction of village in the city, the new ural community construction and implementation of the exploration, practice and carry out, as reform deepen ceaselessly provides strong safeguard. At the same time, the local government to advance stock cooperation system is operable to specific policy recommendations.

　　At the same time, pointing out that local governments in the urbanization process in light of local conditions to promote the outskirts of rural share holding cooperative system reform has far-reaching significance, and local governments to promote the reform of rural collective economic stock cooperative system operable specific recommendations on stock cooperative system reform needs to pay special attention to the four relationships are described.

　　【关键词】 股份合作制； 集体经济； 城市化； 产权； 共同富裕；

　　【Key words】 Stock cooperative system Collective economy urbanization Property Common prosperity