【摘要】 我国农村正规金融供给严重不足,使“三农”领域尤其是农村弱势群体的资金需求难以得到满足,导致农村民间借贷十分普遍。研究农村合作金融发展问题,对解决弱势农民的金融需求及规范农村民间借贷具有重要的作用。

　　从我国正规农村合作金融组织的现状与发展历程来看,农村信用合作社不属于真正意义上的合作金融组织,其未来的发展方向应为股份制的商业银行。而农村资金互助社由于发展时间不长,问题较多,成长缓慢。

　　非正规农村合作金融组织在我国发展很快,本文分别把合会、农村基金会、社区型的资金互助会、在农民专业合作社内部开展的资金互助会、国务院扶贫办、财政部推进而产生的贫困村村级发展互助资金和民间组织帮扶的资金互助组织等六种具有代表性的非正规合作金融组织的现状与发展历程都做了分析。认为除农村基金会出现组织异化问题被关闭外,非正规农村合作金融组织成员间信息较对称,贷款方式灵活、便捷,能在一定程度上满足农户的资金需求。

　　为进一步探究农村合作金融存在的必要性,本文剖析了以赢利为目标的我国主要农村商业性银行,不愿涉足风险大、成本高的“三农”领域；农业政策性银行功能发挥不足,目前对弱势农户与农村小企业基本没有涉及。并在其他学者的研究成果及作者实地问卷调查的基础上,运用定性与定量相结合的方法对农村合作金融需求进行了分析。认为大力发展我国农村合作金融尤为重要。

　　在我国农村合作金融的构建中,本文引进了“社会资本”这一概念,通过社会资本理论研究中国农村社会特点,进而分析社会资本对农村合作金融构建的作用机制,提出利用社会资本使农村民间借贷规范化、组织化的主要途径就是构建农村合作金融组织。本文提出了农村合作金融组织构建的目标与原则,以及它的的发起与设立、治理结构、组织体系等。对我国农村合作金融组织的产生、规范与可持续发展做了研究。同时,依据对我国农村合作金融现实的考察,以及国外农村合作金融发展经验,揭示了现阶段我国农村合作金融的三大发展趋势：一、农村合作金融组织将会形成资金合作与生产合作相结合的发展趋势；二、农村合作金融组织必然会建立一个自下而上,自我维护的组织体系；三、财务可持续的农村合作金融组织必然会引进市场机制,不断发展和壮大自己。另外,在农村合作金融组织的发展过程中,政府的引导与帮扶是不可获缺的。为更好地发展我国农村合作金融,本文还在优化农村合作金融的发展环境、加强与其它金融组织形式的联合发展,以及对农村资金互助社与非正规农村合作金融组织发展等几个方面提出了一些创新性的对策措施。

　　【ABSTRACT】Rural formal financial serious shortage of supply, "Three rural" areas difficult to meet the fundingneeds，especially vulnerable groups in rural areas. Private lending in rural areas is very common areas.Development of rural cooperative financial problems, to solve the problem of the financial needs of thedisadvantaged farmers and regulate rural private lending has an important role.

　　From the present situation and the course of development of China's formal rural cooperativefinancial organizations, rural credit cooperatives can not belong to the true sense of the cooperativefinancial organizations, the direction of its future development should be a joint-stock commercialbanks. The rural credit union funds due to the development time is not long, slow growth.

　　The informal rural cooperative financial organizations in China developed rapidly, This paper leadhehui,rural fund foundation, community-based mutual funds association, within the professionalfarmers cooperatives to carry out mutual funds association, Poverty alleviation office of the statecouncil, the Ministry of finance to promote the development of village-level poverty-stricken mutualfunds and non-governmental organizations to help mutual funds.that six representative the status quoand the course of development of the of informal cooperative financial organizations have done analysis,in addition to rural Foundation organization Alienation Close, more symmetric information among themembers of the non-formal rural cooperative financial organization loans flexible, convenient, and tosome extent to meet the funding needs of the farmers.

　　To further explore the necessity of the existence of rural cooperative financial, This paper analyzesthe for-profit objectives of China's major rural commercial banks, reluctant to get involved risk, highcost of the "three rural"areas;Agricultura] policy banks functioning enough, so the disadvantagedfanners and rural small businesses basically not involved. And on the basis of other research results andthe author field surveys, the use of the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis of thefinancial needs of the rural cooperative.That the strong development of rural cooperative financial particularly is necessary.

　　In the construction of rural cooperative financial, the paper introduced the "social capital" concept,Research social characteristics of rural China through social capital theory, and then analyzes the socialcapital to build rural cooperative financial mechanism of action. Proposed use of social capital in ruralprivate lending standardization, organization of the main ways is to build rural cooperative financialorganizations.In this paper, the Organization of the rural cooperative financial goals and principles, aswell as its initiation to the establishment, governance structure, organizational systems and so on.Research on China's rural cooperative financial organizations produce, regulate and sustainabledevelopment. Meanwhile, according to China's rural cooperative financial reality visits, as well asforeign rural cooperative financial development experience, revealing the stage of China's ruralcooperative finance three major trends:First, the rural cooperative financial organizations will form aproduction cooperative and financial cooperation with the development trend of comhining;Second, therural cooperative financial organization is bound to create a bottom-up, self-maintenance organizationsystem;下hird，the financial sustainability of the rural cooperative financial organizations will inevitablyintroduce market mechanisms to continue to develop and grow their own.In addition, rural cooperativefinancial organizations in the development proccss, the government's guidance and assistance isindispensablc.I;or the better development of China's rural cooperative financial,This article alsooptimize the development of rural cooperative financial environment, strengthen financial institutionsand other forms of joint development, and rural credit union funds and non-formal rural cooperativefinancial organizations and other aspects of development put forward some innovative countermeasures.

　　【关键词】 农村合作金融； 发展； 对策措施；

　　【Keywords】 Rural cooperative finance,Development, Countermeasures