【摘要】 农民专业合作社是伴随我国农村市场化改革之后产生的新事物,是我国农村生产经营制度的创新。2007年7月1日《农民专业合作社法》颁布实施以后,我国农民专业合作社走上了更加规范发展之路,近几年的中央一号文件以及政府工作报告中,多次提出“提高农业组织化程度,发展农民专业合作社”。大力发展合作社是促进农民增收、农业增效、农村发展的有力之举。本文选取的调查案例位于山东省临胊县杨善集村,该合作社于2011年被评为潍坊市“五有”农民专业合作社示范社,杨善集村也凭借该社获得“全国一村一品示范村”称号。该社作为实地调研对象,具有一定的典型性和代表性。本研究以临朐县惠农瓜菜购销专业合作社为实际调研对象,通过对合作社负责人深入访谈、向社员分发调查问卷,在调研中通过调取合作社内部资料、开展个别访谈等形式,了解合作社社员入社情况,合作社提供的各类服务,合作社盈余分配状况以及合作社日常事务管理方式和财务状况等。从合作社利益联结机制、利益分配机制、利益保障机制三个方面进行了调研。针对该地实际情况,分析合作社利益机制运行状况,在实地调研以及对调查问卷进行数据分析的基础上,分析阐述了影响农民专业合作社利益机制运行的三个因素：合作社社员对合作社的认知状况、合作社社员利益需求及实现程度、合作社社员对合作社事务的了解程度和参与状况。特别是着重分析存在的产权联结松散、分配制度缺乏科学合理性以及保障机制需进一步落实等问题。本研究以对个体合作社的调研为基础,通过分析影响合作社利益机制的三个因素,对我国现阶段合作社利益机制运行中的经验进行总结,同时对我国农民专业合作社利益机制运行中的问题进行阐述,结合调研案例,对存在问题进行分析和研究。本研究得出几点结论：经济利益是农民合作的基础和纽带,也是农民专业合作社存在和发展的根本原因和动力所在；利益联结机制、利益分配机制和利益保障机制三者相辅相成,共同促进合作社持续发展；社员对合作社的认知程度和经济利益的满足程度是影响合作社持续发展的关键因素。应该批判地吸收和借鉴马克思以及西方的合作思想,积极迎接合作社发展面临的挑战。本研究提出以下几点建议：提高优化服务机制,巩固利益联结机制；完善盈余分配制度,健全利益分配机制；健全民主管理制度,落实利益保障机制。

　　【关键词】 农民专业合作社； 利益机制； 影响因素； 优化； 对策；

　　ABSTRACT

　　Farmers specialized cooperatives is accompanied China's rural market-oriented reforms ofthe new things, the organizational system of rural innovation. July 1，2007, after theimplementation of the ’’farmer cooperatives Law, farmer cooperatives in China embarked on adevelopment path more standardized, more than once in recent years, the Central Document andthe government work report," Improving agricultural The degree of organization, developspecialized farmer cooperatives, vigorously develop the cooperatives also to promote the increaseof farmers' income, agricultural efficiency and rural development favorable move.

　　Investigate cases of paper selected in Linqu County village of Yang Shan sets thecooperatives in 2011 was named the Weifang City, "five" fanner cooperatives model agency, YangShan-set village also obtained by virtue of the agency "National One Village One ProductDemonstration Village "title. As a field research object, the agency is typical and representative.

　　The study the Linqu the Huinong vegetables purchase and sale of professional cooperativesfor actual research object, through-depth interviews with the person in charge of cooperatives aswell as distribute the questionnaire to their members, through the transfer of research cooperativesinternal data, in-depth interviews and observation, understanding stake in the case of members ofcooperatives, cooperatives provide all kinds of services, the surplus is allocated status, as well ascooperatives day-to-day management methods and financial condition. Research cooperativesbenefit joint mechanism, the mechanism of the distribution of benefits, the interests of the protection mechanism.

　　Analysis cooperatives benefit mechanism operating conditions, the actual situation on theground, based on field research and questionnaire data analysis，analyzes the three factors thataffect the running of the fanner cooperatives interests mechanism: the cognitive status of thecooperative members of cooperatives demand and the degree of realization of the interests of themembers of cooperatives, cooperative members of cooperatives affairs level of understanding andparticipation status. The links loose with particular emphasis on analysis of existing propertyrights, the distribution system lack of scientific rationality, and protection mechanisms need to befurther implemented problem.

　　In this study, the specific cooperative research by analyzing the impact the cooperativesinterests of the mechanism of the three factors, to sum up the experience in the running of ourcountry at this stage cooperatives interests mechanisms, our farmers professional cooperativesinterests mechanisms run elaborate, research case analysis and study of the existing problems.

　　In this study, draw several conclusions: economic benefits to fanners the basis of cooperationand ties, is also the root cause of the existence and development of farmer cooperatives and power;benefit joint mechanism, the mechanism of the distribution of benefits and interests of theprotection mechanism three complement each other, and jointly promote cooperatives sustainabledevelopment; members meet on the awareness level and the economic interests of thecooperatives is a key factor in sustainable development impact of cooperatives. Absorb and leamfrom the thinking of Marx as well as Western cooperation to address the challenges facing the development of cooperatives should be critical.

　　In this study, the following proposals: to improve and optimize the service mechanism strengthen interests of links; improve the earnings distribution system, improve the distribution ofbenefits mechanism; sound scientific and rational democratic management system, theimplementation of the interests of the protection mechanism.

　　Gao Kun: (Basic Principles of Marxism)

　　Supervised by Prof. Xiao Sha

　　KEY WORDS； Fanners Specialized Cooperatives, Benefit Mechanism, InfluencingFactors, Optimization, Strategy