【摘要】我国自1978年至1982年期间进行农村经济体制改革后，在广大农村确立了家庭联产承包责任制这种统分结合的双层经营体制。这一制度的确立使得农户实现了个体经营，同时农业生产的专业化和农户经营的兼业化也得以实现。随着农业生产专业化的不断发展，农业商业化和产业化也随之出现并加快发展，最终形成了社会主义市场经济背景下的农业市场化。但是，新的农村经济制度确立后，农村经济“分”的力量发展较为充分，“统”的力量却一直没能得到有力发展，农民经济组织化程度十分低下。然而，在市场经济环境下单个农户进行市场行为交易成本高昂，市场谈判能力低下，无法与其他市场主体进行有力竞争，自身利益也很难得到有效保障。面对这些问题，广大农民为降低交易费用和提升市场议价能力，充分发挥创造力，主动联合，新型的农民专业合作组织自此应运而生。国际经验和国内实践都表明，农民专业合作组织的发展对于提高农业生产组织化程度，实现规模化、集约化经营具有较大的推动作用。但是，由于我国农民专业合作组织尚处于创立发展期，特别是对于湘西州这样的民族贫困地区来说，其发展水平较低，需要政府给予帮助和支持。本文回顾了农民专业合作组织和政府行为的理论渊源，分析了国外政府在农民专业合作组织发展中的行为和作用，并且以湘西州作为民族贫困地区的代表，详细分析了政府在湘西州农民专业合作组织发展中的行为和作用以及存在的问题不足，最后针对性的提出了一些支持湘西州农民专业合作组织发展的政策建议。

　　本文分为三大部分。第一部分即本文的第1章绪论，详细论述了本文研究背景、目的、意义、思路和方法，并且对国内外的研究现状进行了综述。第2章和第3章构成本文的第二部分，在该部分对相关概念进行了界定，并且对农民专业合作组织理论和政府行为理论进行了回顾，然后重点分析了美国、法国、日本和印度四个国家政府在农民专业合作组织发展中的行为和作用。第4章和第5章构成本文的第三部分，也是本文的重点，该部分将湘西州作为民族贫困地区的典型，具体分析了政府在湘西州农民专业合作组织发展中的行为和作用，取得到成效以及存在的问题和不足，并且针对性地提出了一些政策建议。

　　【关键词】农民；合作组织；政府行为

　　【Abstract】In 1978-1982 during the rural economic system reform, established in the vast ruralhousehold contract responsibility system combines unified and separate two-tiermanagement system. The establishment of this system allows farmers to achieve the self-employed, specialization of agricultural production and farmers run concurrent businesscan be achieved. With the continuous development of agricultural productionspecialization, commercialization of agriculture and industrialization also will acceleratethe development of, and ultimately the formation of the socialist market economiccontext of agricultural market. However, after the establishment of a new rural economicsystem, “minute” forces to develop more flilly,the “power of the system but have notbeen able to get strong development, the degree of organization of peasant economy isvery low. However,in a market economy environment, individual farmers marketbehavior,high transaction costs,low market bargaining power, unable to competeeffectively with other market players, their own interests it is difficult to be effectivelyguaranteed. Faced with these problems,the majority of farmers in order to reducetransaction costs and improve the bargaining power of the market, give full play to thecreativity, the joint initiative, a new type of farmer specialized cooperative organizationssince emerged. International experience and domestic practice have shown that thedevelopment of farmer cooperative organizations to improve the degree of organizationof agricultural production, to achieve large-scale, intensive management has a larger rolein promoting. However, due to China's farmers specialized cooperative organizationsfounded is still in the development stage, especially for the Xiangxi this national poverty-stricken areas, lower their level of development, the need for government to give helpand support. This paper reviews the theoretical origins of farmer specialized cooperativeorganizations and government behavior, the behavior and the role of foreigngovernments in the development of farmer cooperative organizations,and Xiangxi as arepresentative of the national poverty-stricken areas, a detailed analysis of government inXiangxi professional farmers behavior and role in the development of cooperativeorganizations as well as problems,and concludes with policy recommendations tosupport the development of Xiangxi farmer cooperative organizations.

　　This paper is divided into three parts. Chapter 1 Introduction of the first part of thatthis detailed discussion of this study background, purpose, meaning, ideas and methodsare reviewed, and the research status. Chapters 2 and 3 constitute the second part of thisarticle, in the section related concepts defined,and a review of the theory and the theoryof government behavior of the farmer cooperative organizations, and then focus on theanalysis of the U.S.,France,Japan and India the behavior and role of the governments ofthe four countries in the development of rural specialized cooperative organizations.Chapters 4 and 5 constitute the third part, the focus of this article, the part of the Xiangxias typical of the national poverty-stricken areas,the specific analysis of the behavior andthe role of government in the development of Xiangxi farmer cooperative organizations,to obtain to as well as the effectiveness of the existing problems and shortcomings,andputs forward some policy recommendations.

　　【Key words】 Farmer; Cooperation Organization; Government action