【摘要】 本文以怀宁县平山镇为个案,通过文献资料分析和实地调查相结合的方法得出了平山镇农民合作的主要类型,并对这些类型的特点进行了分析。对于农民合作类型的研究,不仅是在学术上对农民合作问题研究的进一步深化,也希望能为政府解决三农问题,带动农民增收,促进我国农村地区的发展提供一些可供参考的意见。

　　本文的研究从对怀宁县平山镇的实地调查出发。

　　首先,通过观察和访谈等具体的方法对平山镇农民的合作现状包括合作类型进行了深入的分析,在此基础上把平山镇农民合作的类型分为主要的两类,即公共品供给中的农民合作和经济生产中的农民合作,公共品供给中的农民合作主要体现为村民理事会的建立和运作,经济生产中的农民合作主要表现为农民专业经济合作社和集体打工,并通过分析进一步得出平山镇农民合作类型的三个主要特点：合作类型多样化,传统的与现代的并存；农民合作动力因子多元化；合作形式制度化和组织化。接下来,阐述了平山镇农民合作中尤以农民合作社中的一些问题,并对此提出了一些可供借鉴的建议。通过对平山镇的研究分析,我们可以看出与传统社会中农民合作有所区别的是,处于现代社会中的平山镇的农民合作接近于一个三螺旋结构,农民、政府、市场都是推动农民合作强有力的、不可或缺的力量。在新农村建设和美好乡村建设的时代大背景下,加强农民合作仍然是必不可少的选项。而加强农民合作,就需要在政府的指导和扶持下,充分发挥农民的创造性和市场对资源的配置功能,大力发展农民自治合作组织和农民专业合作社,这也是未来农民合作类型发展的趋势。

　　【关键词】 农民合作；公共品；农民专业合作社

　　【Abstract】 This article takes the Pinshan town, Huaining county as the investigation case,acquiring the main types of the fanners' cooperation and the characteristics of thesetypes through literature analysis and field survey method. The research on the type ofthe fanners' cooperation not only futher the study on the problem of fanner'scooperation, but also can provide some advises to government faced with the threeissues concerning agriculture、countryside and farmers and help the fanners improvetheir incomes.

　　This research began with the investigation at Pinshan town, Huaining county.

　　Firstly, I gathered the information about the farmers' cooperation, including its miantypes, and made a classification among these types: the cooperation in construction ofpublic goods、the cooperation in economical production. Then, I concluded the threecharacteristics of these types: the types of cooperation becoming diversification; thereasons of cooperation becoming pluralism; the form of cooperation becominginstitutionalization. Having a study on the types of cooperation at Pinshan town, wecan see the difference between ancient times and modern times. In modern times,farmers' cooperation is close to a three helical structure, which is made up withfarmers、government and market. In the background of the new rural constructionand good rural construction, we must elaborate farmers' creativity to strengthen thefarmers' cooperation , which also need the guide from the government. Moreover, Wemust admit that farmers' autonomy organization and professional cooperatives is thehuge current in the developing process of farmers' cooperation.

　　【Key words】farmers' cooperation;public goods;professionaI farmers' cooperative